I2c full form

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS – UART, I2C, SPI Communication Protocols are a set of rules and syntax that allow two or more communication systems to transmit and receive data from one another. 1] UART • Full Form: Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. • UART is a communication protocol that will allow data to transmit and receive data serially. • As the name suggests (Asynchronous), we do not use any clock cycle for data transmission and reception. • Below shows the basic block diagram of communication through UART. • We use only two wires for communication. • As we don’t use any clock cycle, we need a package format for communication. • Below shows the Basic Block Diagram of Package Format. - Working: 1] Consider data sequence “10010101” 2] Initially the data bus is at High voltage, so to indicate the start and stop of data we increase or decrease the voltage level START and STOP bit. 3] UART will receive the 8-bit data in a parallel way. 4] Start bit will be at 0 to indicate that the transmission of data has started. Similarly, the stop bit will be 1 to indicate transmission has ended. 5] LSB bit will be added in the data frame first. 6] Parity bit will be 0 – even no. of 1s 1 – odd no, of 1s Here, we have even no. of 1s in data. Hence, we add 0+ in the bit. 7] UART will add 0+ (start bit), 0+ (parity bit) and 1+(stop bit) to the original data sequence at UART-1 (transmitting system) and similarly add 0- (start bit), 0- (parity bit) and 1- (stop bit) at UART-2 (receivin...

I2C vs I2S-Difference between I2C and I2S This page on I2C vs I2S describes basic difference between I2C and I2S. I2C •I 2C stands for "inter-IC bus". It is also used as I2C for simplicity. •I2C is a low speed and two wire serial data connection bus used in IC(Integrated Circuit). •It is used to run signals between ICs mounted on the same PCB (Printed Circuit Board). •It uses only two lines between multiple masters and multiple slaves viz. SDA (Serial Data) and SCL (Serial Clock). •I2C supports various data rates as per versions from 100 Kbps, 400 Kbps, 1 Mbps to 3.4 Mbps •It is synchronous communication like SPI and unlike UART. Hence there is common clock signal between masters and slaves. •It uses start and stop bits and ACK bit for every 8 bits of data transfer. •Refer I2S •I 2S stands for Inter-IC Sound. It is also used as I2S for simplicity. •I2S is used to connect digital audio devices. It is also an electrical bus interface standard. •The I2S bus when used separates data and clock signals. Hence it results in very low jitter connection. I2S bus consists of following three lines: •a word-select line (WS) •a clock line (SCK) •a multiplexed serial data line (SD) The word select line indicates the channel being transmitted: •For WS = 0 ➤ channel 1 (left) •For WS = 1 ➤ channel 2 (right) Refer advantages and disadvantages of •Serial data is transmitted in two's complement with the MSB first. Refer what is difference between RF and Wireless Terminologies

In this article For Windows 8, Microsoft created a new HID miniport driver that allows devices to communicate over an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) bus. The new HID miniport solution extends the HID protocol, beyond USB and Bluetooth, to support I²C devices. I²C is a simple but efficient protocol and has been used for over a decade in phone and embedded platforms. This protocol is supported in Windows 8 by an in-box KMDF driver named HIDI2C.sys. This combined support for I²C over HID in the inbox driver, allows hardware manufactures to get their devices running quickly on windows without imposing the need to create a driver. In order to ensure correct behavior on a system with multiple ACPI resources, the following two resources must appear first: • HID I²C connection • Device interrupt After these resources are defined, additional ACPI resources, of other types, may follow. Important notes: • Today, the HID I²C driver targets SoC systems that support Simple Peripheral Bus (SPB) and GPIO. In the future, Microsoft may support this driver on non-SoC systems. • The HID I²C driver is optimized to support all HID Clients. • The HID I²C driver enables devices and system manufacturers to reduce the total number of drivers they have to develop to support common device types like keyboards, touchpads, touch screens, sensors, and so on. • The HID I²C driver is available on all client SKUs of Windows and is included in WinPE.

Contents • 1 Framework purpose • 2 System overview • 2.1 Component description • 2.1.1 Board external I 2C devices • 2.1.2 STM32 I2C internal peripheral controller • 2.1.3 i2c-stm32 • 2.1.4 i2c-core • 2.1.5 Board peripheral drivers • 2.1.6 i2c-dev • 2.1.7 i2c-tools • 2.1.8 Application • 2.2 API description • 2.2.1 libi2c • 2.2.2 User space application • 2.2.3 Kernel space peripheral driver • 3 Configuration • 3.1 Kernel configuration • 3.2 Device tree configuration • 4 How to use the framework • 4.1 i2c-tools package • 4.2 User space application • 4.3 Kernel space driver • 4.4 Board description • 4.4.1 Device tree • 4.4.2 sysfs • 4.4.3 Application code • 5 How to trace and debug the framework • 5.1 How to trace • 5.1.1 Dynamic trace • 5.1.2 Bus snooping • 5.2 How to debug • 5.2.1 Detect I2C configuration • 5.2.1.1 sysfs • 5.2.2 devfs • 5.2.3 i2c-tools • 6 Source code location • 7 To go further • 8 References 1 Framework purpose [ ] This article aims to explain how to use I2C and more accurately: • how to activate I2C interface on a Linux® BSP • how to access I2C from kernel space • how to access I2C from user space. This article describes Linux ® I 2C master and slave modes. An introduction to I 2C For a slave interface description, see slave-interface 2 System overview [ ] I 2C is an acronym for the “Inter-IC” bus, a simple bus protocol which is widely used where low data rate communications suffice. I2C is the acronym for the microprocessor I 2C peripheral interface. Aro...