James lange theory

The James-Lange theory asserts that emotions are reactions to physiological arousal rather than the other way around. Explore the theories that challenged the James-Lange theory, such as Cannon-Bard and the two-factor theories of emotion, and discover the relevance of the facial feedback hypothesis. Updated: 10/23/2021 Do you know how physiological characteristics, such as sweaty palms and racing hearts, factor into our experiences of emotion? Do emotions cause the symptoms, or vice-versa? Believe it or not, psychologists have been wondering about this since the nineteenth century, and over time, multiple theories have been developed about the role physiological arousal plays in emotion. Here, we'll talk about three well-known theories. We'll also note one additional hypothesis about relationships between facial muscles and emotion. Maybe, but it cannot explain every instance. For example, sometimes the same physiological symptoms can be involved with very different emotions. To use the example of a racing heart, sometimes that happens when I'm scared, but sometimes that happens when I'm in love. So, in 1962, two more psychologists, Stanley Schachter (1922-97) and Jerome Singer, proposed yet another theory. They believed that when we experience physiological arousal, we cognitively process the context in which we find ourselves before feeling the proper emotion. Their theory is sometimes called the two-factor theory of emotion. This isn't because two men helped to develop ...

• According to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions are the result of both physiological and cognitive processes. • In a famous 1962 study, Schachter and Singer investigated whether people would respond differently to a shot of adrenaline depending on the context they found themselves in. • While later research hasn’t always supported Schachter and Singer’s findings, their theory has been incredibly influential and has inspired many other researchers. Overview According to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions are a result of two factors: For example, if you notice your heart beating faster, you might look around your environment to see what is causing it. If you’re at a party with friends, you’d be more likely to interpret this feeling as happiness—but if you were just insulted by someone, you’d be more likely to interpret this feeling as anger. Of course, many times this process occurs quickly (outside of our conscious awareness), but it can become conscious—especially if there’s not an immediately obvious situational factor to account for how we’re feeling. Both the Schachter-Singer and James-Lange theories suggest that bodily responses are an integral part of our experience of an emotion. However, unlike the James-Lange theory, and like the Cannon-Bard theory, the Schachter-Singer theory states that different emotions can share similar patterns of physiological responses. According to Schachter and Singer, we look to our environment to try to figure out what is causin...

No aspect of our mental life is more important to the quality and meaning of our existence than the emotions. They are what make life worth living and sometimes worth ending. So it is not surprising that most of the great classical philosophers had recognizable theories of emotions. These theories typically conceived of emotions as a subject’s phenomenologically salient responses to significant events and as capable of triggering distinctive bodily changes and behaviors. But it is surprising that throughout much of the twentieth-century, scientists and philosophers of mind tended to neglect the emotions—in part because of behaviorism’s allergy to inner mental states and in part because the variety of phenomena covered by the word “emotion” discourages tidy theorizing. In recent decades, however, emotions have once again become the focus of vigorous interest in philosophy and affective science. Our objective in this entry is to account for these developments, focusing primarily on the descriptive question of what the emotions are, but tackling also the normative question of whether emotions are rational. In view of the proliferation of exchanges between researchers of different stripes, it is no longer useful to speak of the philosophy of emotion in isolation from the approaches of other disciplines, particularly psychology, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology. This is why we have made an effort to pay significant attention to scientific developments, as we are convinced...

4 States of Consciousness • Introduction • 4.1 What Is Consciousness? • 4.2 Sleep and Why We Sleep • 4.3 Stages of Sleep • 4.4 Sleep Problems and Disorders • 4.5 Substance Use and Abuse • 4.6 Other States of Consciousness • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 7 Thinking and Intelligence • Introduction • 7.1 What Is Cognition? • 7.2 Language • 7.3 Problem Solving • 7.4 What Are Intelligence and Creativity? • 7.5 Measures of Intelligence • 7.6 The Source of Intelligence • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 11 Personality • Introduction • 11.1 What Is Personality? • 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective • 11.3 Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney • 11.4 Learning Approaches • 11.5 Humanistic Approaches • 11.6 Biological Approaches • 11.7 Trait Theorists • 11.8 Cultural Understandings of Personality • 11.9 Personality Assessment • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 12 Social Psychology • Introduction • 12.1 What Is Social Psychology? • 12.2 Self-presentation • 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion • 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience • 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination • 12.6 Aggression • 12.7 Prosocial Behavior • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 13 Industrial-Organizational Psychology • ...

No aspect of our mental life is more important to the quality and meaning of our existence than the emotions. They are what make life worth living and sometimes worth ending. So it is not surprising that most of the great classical philosophers had recognizable theories of emotions. These theories typically conceived of emotions as a subject’s phenomenologically salient responses to significant events and as capable of triggering distinctive bodily changes and behaviors. But it is surprising that throughout much of the twentieth-century, scientists and philosophers of mind tended to neglect the emotions—in part because of behaviorism’s allergy to inner mental states and in part because the variety of phenomena covered by the word “emotion” discourages tidy theorizing. In recent decades, however, emotions have once again become the focus of vigorous interest in philosophy and affective science. Our objective in this entry is to account for these developments, focusing primarily on the descriptive question of what the emotions are, but tackling also the normative question of whether emotions are rational. In view of the proliferation of exchanges between researchers of different stripes, it is no longer useful to speak of the philosophy of emotion in isolation from the approaches of other disciplines, particularly psychology, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology. This is why we have made an effort to pay significant attention to scientific developments, as we are convinced...

• According to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions are the result of both physiological and cognitive processes. • In a famous 1962 study, Schachter and Singer investigated whether people would respond differently to a shot of adrenaline depending on the context they found themselves in. • While later research hasn’t always supported Schachter and Singer’s findings, their theory has been incredibly influential and has inspired many other researchers. Overview According to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions are a result of two factors: For example, if you notice your heart beating faster, you might look around your environment to see what is causing it. If you’re at a party with friends, you’d be more likely to interpret this feeling as happiness—but if you were just insulted by someone, you’d be more likely to interpret this feeling as anger. Of course, many times this process occurs quickly (outside of our conscious awareness), but it can become conscious—especially if there’s not an immediately obvious situational factor to account for how we’re feeling. Both the Schachter-Singer and James-Lange theories suggest that bodily responses are an integral part of our experience of an emotion. However, unlike the James-Lange theory, and like the Cannon-Bard theory, the Schachter-Singer theory states that different emotions can share similar patterns of physiological responses. According to Schachter and Singer, we look to our environment to try to figure out what is causin...

The James-Lange theory asserts that emotions are reactions to physiological arousal rather than the other way around. Explore the theories that challenged the James-Lange theory, such as Cannon-Bard and the two-factor theories of emotion, and discover the relevance of the facial feedback hypothesis. Updated: 10/23/2021 Do you know how physiological characteristics, such as sweaty palms and racing hearts, factor into our experiences of emotion? Do emotions cause the symptoms, or vice-versa? Believe it or not, psychologists have been wondering about this since the nineteenth century, and over time, multiple theories have been developed about the role physiological arousal plays in emotion. Here, we'll talk about three well-known theories. We'll also note one additional hypothesis about relationships between facial muscles and emotion. Maybe, but it cannot explain every instance. For example, sometimes the same physiological symptoms can be involved with very different emotions. To use the example of a racing heart, sometimes that happens when I'm scared, but sometimes that happens when I'm in love. So, in 1962, two more psychologists, Stanley Schachter (1922-97) and Jerome Singer, proposed yet another theory. They believed that when we experience physiological arousal, we cognitively process the context in which we find ourselves before feeling the proper emotion. Their theory is sometimes called the two-factor theory of emotion. This isn't because two men helped to develop ...

4 States of Consciousness • Introduction • 4.1 What Is Consciousness? • 4.2 Sleep and Why We Sleep • 4.3 Stages of Sleep • 4.4 Sleep Problems and Disorders • 4.5 Substance Use and Abuse • 4.6 Other States of Consciousness • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 7 Thinking and Intelligence • Introduction • 7.1 What Is Cognition? • 7.2 Language • 7.3 Problem Solving • 7.4 What Are Intelligence and Creativity? • 7.5 Measures of Intelligence • 7.6 The Source of Intelligence • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 11 Personality • Introduction • 11.1 What Is Personality? • 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective • 11.3 Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney • 11.4 Learning Approaches • 11.5 Humanistic Approaches • 11.6 Biological Approaches • 11.7 Trait Theorists • 11.8 Cultural Understandings of Personality • 11.9 Personality Assessment • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 12 Social Psychology • Introduction • 12.1 What Is Social Psychology? • 12.2 Self-presentation • 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion • 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience • 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination • 12.6 Aggression • 12.7 Prosocial Behavior • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 13 Industrial-Organizational Psychology • ...