Jiggers

The jigger life cycle Jigger larvae live a few centimetres under sand or soil, feeding on organic matter. They are often found inside dwellings with mud floors. The larvae moult to adults about 1mm in size and move to the skin of a variety of mammals including rats, domestic animals and humans. Unlike males, the females burrow into the skin leaving just the tip of their abdomen exposed, thus enabling them to exchange gasses, defecate and mate. The females feed on blood by inserting their proboscis into dermal capillaries. They quickly swell as they become full of eggs which are shed into the environment, after which the females die. Pathology Penetration of the skin causes intense itching and is followed by inflammation and acute pain. The jigger is evident as a small swollen lesion, with a black dot at the centre, which can grow to the size of a pea. Severe pathology following an infestation is caused by bacteria entering the skin when the jigger penetrates. These infections can lead to abscess formation, tissue necrosis and gangrene. Tungiasis has also been associated with tetanus, possible due to the entry of the soil pathogen, Clostridium tetani into the wound. In addition, Wolbachia bacteria, present in the jigger, release inflammation-inducing lipopolysaccharides into the surrounding tissue when the females die. The risk of acute pathology can be prevented by removal of the jigger with a sterile needle and disinfection of the affected area. However, in poor rural or ...

Kidadl Article Fact-checking Standards At Kidadl we pride ourselves on offering families original ideas to make the most of time spent together at home or out and about, wherever you are in the world. We strive to recommend the very best things that are suggested by our community and are things we would do ourselves - our aim is to be the trusted friend to parents. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. We will always aim to give you accurate information at the date of publication - however, information does change, so it’s important you do your own research, double-check and make the decision that is right for your family. Kidadl provides inspiration to entertain and educate your children. We recognise that not all activities and ideas are appropriate and suitable for all children and families or in all circumstances. Our recommended activities are based on age but these are a guide. We recommend that these ideas are used as inspiration, that ideas are undertaken with appropriate adult supervision, and that each adult uses their own discretion and knowledge of their children to consider the safety and suitability. Kidadl cannot accept liability for the execution of these ideas, and parental supervision is advised at all times, as safety is paramount. Anyone using the information provided by Kidadl does so at their own risk and we can not accept liability if things go wrong. Jiggers are small parasitic fleas that are known to burrow into the skin of a host ...

A shot glass is a Shot glasses decorated with a wide variety of Name origin [ ] The word shot, meaning a drink of alcohol, has been used since at least the 17th century, while it is known to have referred specifically to a small drink of spirits in the U.S. since at least the 1920s. shot glass has been in use since at least the 1940s. Earliest examples [ ] Some of the earliest whiskey glasses in America from the late 1700s to early 1800s were called "whiskey tasters" or "whiskey tumblers" and were hand blown. They are thick, similar to today's shot glasses, but will show a In the early to mid-1800s, glass blowers began to use molds and several different patterns of "whiskey tasters" in several different colors were being made in molds. These glasses are also thick like today's shot glass but they will have rough pontiled bottoms from being hand blown into the mold. By the 1870s to 1890s as glass making technology improved, the rough pontiled bottoms largely disappeared from glasses and bottles. Types [ ] Cheater glass [ ] These glasses are for those wary of heavy drinking, or for establishments which want to cheat their patrons into thinking they are being given more than they are in reality. Their bottoms are sturdy and thick, so they give the illusion of a plain shot glass, when in reality they only hold two-thirds as much liquid. [ citation needed] Single glass [ ] A [ citation needed] Fluted glass [ ] A Pony glass [ ] [ citation needed] Tall shot glass [ ] Tall shot gl...

Key facts • Tungiasis is caused by adult female sand fleas, which burrow into the skin mostly of the feet. • Tungiasis is commonly known as pulga de areia, niguá, pique, bicho do pé, bichodo porco or jatecuba, jigger, sand flea or chigoe. • It causes immense pain and itching, difficulty walking, sleeping and concentrating on school or work. • Tungiasis can be associated with abscesses caused by secondary bacterial infections. • It occurs in marginalized, resource-poor populations in the tropics of the Caribbean, South America and sub-Saharan Africa. • Both animals and humans are susceptible to infection. Overview Tungiasis is caused by the adult female sand flea, Tunga penetrans. The larvae and pupae develop in dry shaded soils, mostly inside the sleeping rooms of houses with an unsealed earthen floor where most transmission occurs. The embedded flea causes inflammation, pain and itching, difficulty walking, sleeping and concentrating on school or work. Tungiasis is a zoonosis that affects humans and animals alike. The only product shown to have high efficacy and safety for treatment is NYDA ®, a combination of dimeticone oils. Control will require a One Health approach, treating the patients as well as spraying floors with insecticide or sealing them, daily foot washing with soap, and treating any infected animals owned by affected families. Scope of the problem T. penetransis found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Caribbean, South America and sub-Saharan Africa...

Themes • • • Behind the News • Cultural Atlas • Forces of Industry • Living Planet • Moment of History • Perspective • Shifting Society • Tales of the Unexpected • Stories • Photographers • More • Stories • Latest Sri Lanka's cancer patients struggle amid economic chaos • Recommended Reuters photographer Danish Siddiqui captured the people behind the story • Receive weekly best stories All this started when a friend who works with NGOs travelled to eastern Uganda. It was very shocking for him to see a human body consumed with flea parasites, only two hours from the capital. My friend showed me a picture of Yusuf Kagwa, a 45-year-old farmer. The problem of the so-called jigger parasite - female sand fleas that burrow their way under skin - is widespread in eastern, northern and northeastern parts of Uganda. Left untreated, the parasite can lead to secondary infections that can be fatal. Jiggers usually affect the feet, but volunteers counted 2,555 burrow marks all over Yusuf’s body. That really surprised me and made me want to document this for myself. The U.S. NGO Sole Hope, working on the ground, was very willing to help me. Yusuf became the face of my story. His case, the most severe I came across, had a big impact both on me and on those around him. He had become an outcast after locals said his infestation showed he was possessed. When his condition became really severe, only his brother was prepared to run the risk of helping him, putting Yusuf in a hut on his own for...

ABOUT THE JIGGER What is a jigger? It is a small pin head sized flea found in sandy terrain of warm, dry climates. It prefers deserts, beaches, stables, stack farms, and the soils and dusts in and around farms. It hides in the crevices and hairy cracks found on the floors, walls of dwellings and items like furniture. It feeds on their warm blooded hosts including man, cats, dogs, rats, pigs, cattle and sheep. The jigger-causing flea (left) and a child's infected toe (right) Causes of jigger infestation? How it causes disease The impregnated female flea feeds by burrowing into the skin of the host skin under the toe or fingernails As the flea continues to feed on the host’s blood it enlarges and forms a round sack full of eggs with the shape and size of a pea. The flea releases the eggs and is slowly sloughed from the host’s skin. Natural extraction of the egg sack or removal of the jigger with dirty pin or needle leaves a tiny pit in the skin which may develop into a sore. Heavy infestation of the results in toes filled with pus, which may lead to infection, inflammation, ulceration, fibrosis, lymphangitis, gangrene, loss of toenail, autoamputation of the digits and death. Sharing of pins and needles also spreads HIV. Where jiggers attack Hands, feet, knees and other parts of the body. Effects of jigger infestation • High rate of school dropout and poor performance • Unable to exercise democratic rights, e.g. voting • Inability to walk easily due to pain in the affected • ...

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Key facts • Tungiasis is caused by adult female sand fleas, which burrow into the skin mostly of the feet. • Tungiasis is commonly known as pulga de areia, niguá, pique, bicho do pé, bichodo porco or jatecuba, jigger, sand flea or chigoe. • It causes immense pain and itching, difficulty walking, sleeping and concentrating on school or work. • Tungiasis can be associated with abscesses caused by secondary bacterial infections. • It occurs in marginalized, resource-poor populations in the tropics of the Caribbean, South America and sub-Saharan Africa. • Both animals and humans are susceptible to infection. Overview Tungiasis is caused by the adult female sand flea, Tunga penetrans. The larvae and pupae develop in dry shaded soils, mostly inside the sleeping rooms of houses with an unsealed earthen floor where most transmission occurs. The embedded flea causes inflammation, pain and itching, difficulty walking, sleeping and concentrating on school or work. Tungiasis is a zoonosis that affects humans and animals alike. The only product shown to have high efficacy and safety for treatment is NYDA ®, a combination of dimeticone oils. Control will require a One Health approach, treating the patients as well as spraying floors with insecticide or sealing them, daily foot washing with soap, and treating any infected animals owned by affected families. Scope of the problem T. penetransis found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Caribbean, South America and sub-Saharan Africa...

Kidadl Article Fact-checking Standards At Kidadl we pride ourselves on offering families original ideas to make the most of time spent together at home or out and about, wherever you are in the world. We strive to recommend the very best things that are suggested by our community and are things we would do ourselves - our aim is to be the trusted friend to parents. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. We will always aim to give you accurate information at the date of publication - however, information does change, so it’s important you do your own research, double-check and make the decision that is right for your family. Kidadl provides inspiration to entertain and educate your children. We recognise that not all activities and ideas are appropriate and suitable for all children and families or in all circumstances. Our recommended activities are based on age but these are a guide. We recommend that these ideas are used as inspiration, that ideas are undertaken with appropriate adult supervision, and that each adult uses their own discretion and knowledge of their children to consider the safety and suitability. Kidadl cannot accept liability for the execution of these ideas, and parental supervision is advised at all times, as safety is paramount. Anyone using the information provided by Kidadl does so at their own risk and we can not accept liability if things go wrong. Jiggers are small parasitic fleas that are known to burrow into the skin of a host ...

Themes • • • Behind the News • Cultural Atlas • Forces of Industry • Living Planet • Moment of History • Perspective • Shifting Society • Tales of the Unexpected • Stories • Photographers • More • Stories • Latest Sri Lanka's cancer patients struggle amid economic chaos • Recommended Inside the Ku Klux Klan • Receive weekly best stories All this started when a friend who works with NGOs travelled to eastern Uganda. It was very shocking for him to see a human body consumed with flea parasites, only two hours from the capital. My friend showed me a picture of Yusuf Kagwa, a 45-year-old farmer. The problem of the so-called jigger parasite - female sand fleas that burrow their way under skin - is widespread in eastern, northern and northeastern parts of Uganda. Left untreated, the parasite can lead to secondary infections that can be fatal. Jiggers usually affect the feet, but volunteers counted 2,555 burrow marks all over Yusuf’s body. That really surprised me and made me want to document this for myself. The U.S. NGO Sole Hope, working on the ground, was very willing to help me. Yusuf became the face of my story. His case, the most severe I came across, had a big impact both on me and on those around him. He had become an outcast after locals said his infestation showed he was possessed. When his condition became really severe, only his brother was prepared to run the risk of helping him, putting Yusuf in a hut on his own for him to die. Sole Hope heard about Yusuf’s plight ...