Kalpakkam

India has 29 states with at least 720 districts comprising of approximately 6 lakh villages, and over 8200 cities and towns. Indian postal department has allotted a unique postal code of pin code to each district/village/town/city to ensure quick delivery of postal services. A Postal Index Number or PIN or PIN code is a code in the post office numbering or post code system used by India Post, the Indian postal administration. The code is six digits long. The first three digits of the PIN represent a specific geographical region called a sorting district that is headquartered at the main post office of the largest city and is known as the sorting office. A state may have one or more sorting districts depending on the volumes of mail handled. The fourth digit represents the route on which a delivery office is located in the sorting district. The last two digits represent the delivery office within the sorting district starting from 01 which would be the GPO or HO. Kalpakkam Pin Code is 603102. Pin Code is also known as Zip Code or Postal Code. Kalpakkam is located in district Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. Kalpakkam Near By Pin Code List Office Taluk District State Pincode NA Kanchipuram TAMIL NADU 603301 NA Kanchipuram TAMIL NADU 603301 Chengalpattu Kanchipuram TAMIL NADU 603001 Chengalpattu Kanchipuram TAMIL NADU 603110 Tirukalikundram Kanchipuram TAMIL NADU 603109 Chengalpattu Kanchipuram TAMIL NADU 603003 NA Kanchipuram TAMIL NADU 603312 Uthiramerur Kanchipuram TAMIL NA...

Kalpakkam in 1999 Kalpakkam in 1999 Udit Goyal May 17, 2018 Submitted as coursework for Fig. 1:The inner parts of a heavy water reactor. (Source: India has welcomed nuclear energy as a long term sustainable solution in creating electrical energy. However, this adoption is a double-sided solution, as nuclear energy does create energy efficiently, however with dangerous, radioactive materials. Like many other nations with nuclear reactors, India has also encountered an accident at Kalpakkam in 1999. Although not as large or catastrophic as Chernobyl, the incident at Kalpakkam shifted attention to the health of the plant workers. Heavy Water Reactors To understand the accident, it is essential to first look at how heavy water reactors function. Heavy water reactors (See Fig. 1) contain water with the hydrogen replaced by deuterium, a heavier isotope of hydrogen. The heavy water is used in two ways: as a moderator to slow down neutrons emitted during fission so that they have a higher chance of being captured by other fissile nuclei and as a coolant to carry away the heat produced. [1] In the process, fission creates radioactive isotopes such as Cs-137 and Sr-90 which is mainly fatal if ingested, but uranium isotopes such as U-232 emitting gamma rays are also produced, creating heat and direct radiation upon decay in high-level waste. [2,3] Kalpakkam Since Kalpakkam Atomic Reprocessing Plant is a fuel reprocessing plant, there are chemical processes to extract plutonium and ur...

Hidden from public, on the shores of the Bay of Bengal at Kalpakkam near Chennai, Indian nuclear scientists are in the final throes of starting a high-tech giant stove more than 15 years in the making. This novel nuclear reactor is a kind of an ‘akshaya patra’, the mythical goblet with a never-ending supply of food. The Department of Atomic Energy is getting ready to commission its ultra-modern indigenously designed and locally mastered fast-breeder reactor. Experts say to make nuclear energy sustainable, one sure shot way is to make fast-breeder reactors mainstream. Yukiya Amano, Director General of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, says “fast reactors can help extract up to 70 per cent more energy than traditional reactors and are safer than traditional reactors while reducing long lived radioactive waste by several fold.” Easier said than done, since these reactors are also notoriously unstable and hence difficult to run reliably over long periods. Called a ‘Fast-Breeder Reactor’, these are a special kind of nuclear reactors that generate more atomic fuel than they consume as they work. India has been running an experimental facility called a Fast-Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) now for 27 years. This is a small nuclear reactor a forerunner for the monster that India has constructed at Kalpakkam called the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR). This will generate electricity commercially using the fast breeder route. The world’s only commercially operating ...

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The nuclear establishment describes as "serious" the January 21 incident in which six workers of the Kalpakkam Reprocessing Plant were exposed to radiation levels exceeding annually permissible limits, but argues that it was not a case of dangerous exposure. ON January 21, 2003, six employees of the Kalpakkam Reprocessing Plant (KARP) were exposed to radiation exceeding the annual dosage limit prescribed by the regulatory authorities. In a press conference on August 6, their first since the incident, the authorities of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), which controls KARP, admitted that the incident was a "serious" one. The incident led to the closure of the main plant at KARP, where plutonium is reprocessed, for more than six months and the plant is now scheduled to reopen before the end of August. While conceding during the press conference that it was the "worst accident" in the Department of Atomic Energy's (DAE) history, BARC Director Dr. B. Bhattacharjee insisted that the incident was a minor one falling between Levels 1 and 2 in the International Nuclear Event Scale. (The scale ranges from 1(anomaly) to 7 (major accident). The Chernobyl disaster was a Level 7 event and the Three Mile Island incident was classified as one of Level 5. Any event between 1 and 4 is categorised as an incident and events above 4 are called accidents.) Bhattacharjee asserted that "there is no way of classifying it (the KARP incident) as an accident". He blamed the incident on "a li...

Located in Tamil Nadu, Kalpakkam is considered the house of India’s modern and indigenous nuclear station – the Madras Nuclear Power Plant. This small town is famous for its facilities and industrial growth and has also become a popular tourist site due to its backwaters and flocks of migratory birds. The Kalpakkam Atomic Power Station is said to be the house of two nuclear reactors operating at 220 MW power along with a super-fast breeder reactor having a power generation capacity of 500 MWe. This is why this facility is said to be the first step the Indian government has taken toward a prospective nuclear future. What is an atomic power plant? An atomic power plant or a nuclear power plant is a power generating station where electricity is produced, with atomic energy being the main source. Heat energy is used to drive the generators that produce electrical energy. The heat is harboured from nuclear reactors because a huge amount of heat energy is generated when a nuclear reaction occurs. A nuclear reaction is a physicochemical process by which an unstable atom loses energy and emits alpha or beta rays to achieve a stable state. There are two types of nuclear reactions: • Nuclear fission reaction: A radioactive atom splits up into two or more stable nuclei while realising neutrons and radioactive rays. These neutrons further hit other molecules of the elements, thereby causing a chain reaction. The amount of heat energy produced is huge, owing to the chain-styled reactio...