Karl marx

Author • Christopher Pollard Tutor in Philosophy and Sociology, Deakin University Disclosure statement Christopher Pollard does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Partners In 1845, Karl Marx Change it he did. Political movements representing masses of new industrial workers, many inspired by his thought, reshaped the world in the 19th and 20th centuries through revolution and reform. His work influenced unions, labour parties and social democratic parties, and helped spark revolution via communist parties in Europe and beyond. Around the world, “Marxist” governments were formed, who claimed to be committed to his principles, and who upheld dogmatic versions of his thought as part of their official doctrine. Marx’s thought was groundbreaking. It came to stimulate arguments in every major language, in philosophy, history, politics and economics. It even helped to found the discipline of sociology. Although his influence in the social sciences and humanities is not what it once was, his work continues to help theorists make sense of the complex social structures that shape our lives. Read more: Economics Marx was writing when mid-Victorian capitalism was at its Dickensian worst, analysing how the new industrialism was causing radical social upheaval and severe urban poverty. Of his many writings, perhaps the ...

Karl Marx (1818–1883) is often treated as a revolutionary, an activist rather than a philosopher, whose works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in the twentieth century. It is certainly hard to find many thinkers who can be said to have had comparable influence in the creation of the modern world. However, Marx was trained as a philosopher, and although often portrayed as moving away from philosophy in his mid-twenties—perhaps towards history and the social sciences—there are many points of contact with modern philosophical debates throughout his writings. The themes picked out here include Marx’s philosophical anthropology, his theory of history, his economic analysis, his critical engagement with contemporary capitalist society (raising issues about morality, ideology, and politics), and his prediction of a communist future. Marx’s early writings are dominated by an understanding of alienation, a distinct type of social ill whose diagnosis looks to rest on a controversial account of human nature and its flourishing. He subsequently developed an influential theory of history—often called historical materialism—centred around the idea that forms of society rise and fall as they further and then impede the development of human productive power. Marx increasingly became preoccupied with an attempt to understand the contemporary capitalist mode of production, as driven by a remorseless pursuit of profit, whose origins are found in the extraction of surplus val...

The son of the co-owner of a textile firm with factories in The Condition of the English Working Class (1844). Marx and Engels maintained that the poverty, disease, and early death that afflicted the Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848), which they wrote at the commission of a small group of radicals called the Communist League. Marx, meanwhile, had begun to lay the theoretical and (he believed) scientific foundations of communism, first in Das Kapital (1867; Capital). His theory has three main aspects: first, a materialist Historical According to Marx’s materialist theory, history is a series of According to Marx, material production requires two things: “material forces of production”—roughly, raw materials and the tools required to Critique of capitalism The second aspect of Marx’s theory is his critique of Marx acknowledged that capitalism was a historically necessary stage of development that had brought about remarkable scientific and technological changes—changes that greatly increased The exploitation of one Besides inequality, poverty, and false Marx believed that capitalism is a volatile economic system that will suffer a series of ever-worsening crises— Marx’s vision of communist society is remarkably (and perhaps intentionally) vague. Unlike earlier “

Authors • James Muldoon Lecturer in Political Science, University of Exeter • Robert Jackson Lecturer in Politics, Manchester Metropolitan University Disclosure statement James Muldoon is a member of the British Labour Party. Robert Jackson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Partners As the world reflects on 200 years since the birth of Karl Marx, his writings are being sampled by more and more people. If you’re new to the work of one of the greatest social scientists of all time, here’s where to start. Marx’s own writing James Muldoon, University of Exeter The long history of brutal, totalitarian “Marxist” regimes around the world has left many people with the impression that Marx was an authoritarian thinker. But readers who dive into his work for the first time are often surprised to discover an Enlightenment humanist and a philosopher of emancipation, one who envisaged well-rounded human beings living rich, varied and fulfilling lives in a post-capitalist society. Marx’s writings don’t just propose a revolutionary political project; they offer a moral critique of the alienation of individuals living in capitalist societies. 1. An Introduction to a Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right ( Available Originally published in 1844 in a radical Parisian newspaper, this fascinating s...

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The son of the co-owner of a textile firm with factories in The Condition of the English Working Class (1844). Marx and Engels maintained that the poverty, disease, and early death that afflicted the Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848), which they wrote at the commission of a small group of radicals called the Communist League. Marx, meanwhile, had begun to lay the theoretical and (he believed) scientific foundations of communism, first in Das Kapital (1867; Capital). His theory has three main aspects: first, a materialist Historical According to Marx’s materialist theory, history is a series of According to Marx, material production requires two things: “material forces of production”—roughly, raw materials and the tools required to Critique of capitalism The second aspect of Marx’s theory is his critique of Marx acknowledged that capitalism was a historically necessary stage of development that had brought about remarkable scientific and technological changes—changes that greatly increased The exploitation of one Besides inequality, poverty, and false Marx believed that capitalism is a volatile economic system that will suffer a series of ever-worsening crises— Marx’s vision of communist society is remarkably (and perhaps intentionally) vague. Unlike earlier “

Authors • James Muldoon Lecturer in Political Science, University of Exeter • Robert Jackson Lecturer in Politics, Manchester Metropolitan University Disclosure statement James Muldoon is a member of the British Labour Party. Robert Jackson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Partners The Conversation UK receives funding from these organisations View the full list As the world reflects on 200 years since the birth of Karl Marx, his writings are being sampled by more and more people. If you’re new to the work of one of the greatest social scientists of all time, here’s where to start. Marx’s own writing James Muldoon, University of Exeter The long history of brutal, totalitarian “Marxist” regimes around the world has left many people with the impression that Marx was an authoritarian thinker. But readers who dive into his work for the first time are often surprised to discover an Enlightenment humanist and a philosopher of emancipation, one who envisaged well-rounded human beings living rich, varied and fulfilling lives in a post-capitalist society. Marx’s writings don’t just propose a revolutionary political project; they offer a moral critique of the alienation of individuals living in capitalist societies. 1. An Introduction to a Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right ( Available...

Author • Christopher Pollard Tutor in Philosophy and Sociology, Deakin University Disclosure statement Christopher Pollard does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Partners The Conversation UK receives funding from these organisations View the full list In 1845, Karl Marx Change it he did. Political movements representing masses of new industrial workers, many inspired by his thought, reshaped the world in the 19th and 20th centuries through revolution and reform. His work influenced unions, labour parties and social democratic parties, and helped spark revolution via communist parties in Europe and beyond. Around the world, “Marxist” governments were formed, who claimed to be committed to his principles, and who upheld dogmatic versions of his thought as part of their official doctrine. Marx’s thought was groundbreaking. It came to stimulate arguments in every major language, in philosophy, history, politics and economics. It even helped to found the discipline of sociology. Although his influence in the social sciences and humanities is not what it once was, his work continues to help theorists make sense of the complex social structures that shape our lives. Read more: Economics Marx was writing when mid-Victorian capitalism was at its Dickensian worst, analysing how the new industrialism was causing rad...

Karl Marx (1818–1883) is often treated as a revolutionary, an activist rather than a philosopher, whose works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in the twentieth century. It is certainly hard to find many thinkers who can be said to have had comparable influence in the creation of the modern world. However, Marx was trained as a philosopher, and although often portrayed as moving away from philosophy in his mid-twenties—perhaps towards history and the social sciences—there are many points of contact with modern philosophical debates throughout his writings. The themes picked out here include Marx’s philosophical anthropology, his theory of history, his economic analysis, his critical engagement with contemporary capitalist society (raising issues about morality, ideology, and politics), and his prediction of a communist future. Marx’s early writings are dominated by an understanding of alienation, a distinct type of social ill whose diagnosis looks to rest on a controversial account of human nature and its flourishing. He subsequently developed an influential theory of history—often called historical materialism—centred around the idea that forms of society rise and fall as they further and then impede the development of human productive power. Marx increasingly became preoccupied with an attempt to understand the contemporary capitalist mode of production, as driven by a remorseless pursuit of profit, whose origins are found in the extraction of surplus val...

• Afrikaans • Alemannisch • አማርኛ • अंगिका • Ænglisc • العربية • Aragonés • অসমীয়া • Asturianu • अवधी • Avañe'ẽ • Aymar aru • Azərbaycanca • تۆرکجه • বাংলা • Bân-lâm-gú • Башҡортса • Беларуская • Беларуская (тарашкевіца) • भोजपुरी • Bikol Central • Български • Boarisch • བོད་ཡིག • Bosanski • Brezhoneg • Буряад • Català • Чӑвашла • Cebuano • Čeština • Corsu • Cymraeg • Dansk • الدارجة • Davvisámegiella • Deutsch • Dolnoserbski • Eesti • Ελληνικά • Эрзянь • Español • Esperanto • Estremeñu • Euskara • فارسی • Fiji Hindi • Føroyskt • Français • Frysk • Furlan • Gaeilge • Gàidhlig • Galego • 贛語 • گیلکی • 客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî • 한국어 • Hausa • Հայերեն • हिन्दी • Hornjoserbsce • Hrvatski • Ido • Ilokano • বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী • Bahasa Indonesia • Interlingua • Interlingue • Ирон • Íslenska • Italiano • עברית • Jawa • Kabɩyɛ • ಕನ್ನಡ • ქართული • Қазақша • Kernowek • Kiswahili • Kreyòl ayisyen • Kriyòl gwiyannen • Kurdî • Кыргызча • Ladino • Latina • Latviešu • Lëtzebuergesch • Лезги • Lietuvių • Ligure • Limburgs • Lingua Franca Nova • Livvinkarjala • La .lojban. • Lombard • Magyar • मैथिली • Македонски • Malagasy • മലയാളം • Malti • मराठी • მარგალური • مصرى • مازِرونی • Bahasa Melayu • 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ • Mirandés • Монгол • မြန်မာဘာသာ • Nāhuatl • Nederlands • Nedersaksies • नेपाली • 日本語 • Нохчийн • Nordfriisk • Norsk bokmål • Norsk nynorsk • Novial • Occitan • ଓଡ଼ିଆ • Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча • ਪੰਜਾਬੀ • پنجابی • Papiamentu • پښتو • Patois • ភាសាខ្មែរ • Piemontèis • Plattdüütsch • Polski •...