Myxedema

Overview What is pretibial myxedema? Pretibial myxedema, also known as Graves’ dermopathy, is a form of What do pretibial and myxedema mean? “Pretibial” refers to the front (anterior) of your tibia. This is your shin bone. You can find your shin bone underneath your knee. “Myxedema” means swelling of the tissues underneath your skin. Who does pretibial myxedema affect? Pretibial myxedema can affect anyone, but it’s most common among people who: • Have Graves’ disease. • Have a thyroid condition ( • Have severe • Are between the ages of 40 and 60. • Are women or people assigned female at birth (AFAB). What are the types of pretibial myxedema? There are four different types of pretibial myxedema that include: • Diffuse: The most common type of pretibial myxedema, in which non-pitting • Plaque: Raised, thick and scaly plaques form on your skin in addition to non-pitting edema. • Nodular: Nodules (firm lumps) form in addition to non-pitting edema. • Elephantiasic: The rarest form of pretibial myxedema, in which Symptoms and Causes What are the symptoms of pretibial myxedema? Symptoms of pretibial myxedema include: • Swelling, where your skin looks and feels larger than it did a day ago. • Firm lumps underneath your skin. • Areas of your skin become thick and scaly (plaques). • Skin and hair follicles have a shiny, waxy texture like an orange peel. • Skin changes color, from yellow and orange to brown and red to purple. • Increased sweating or excessive hair growth in affected ...

• Myxedematous psychosis • Myxedema madness Myxedema psychosis is a relatively uncommon consequence of "Myxedema" is a synonym with severe hypothyroidism. It was first described in 1888 by “the Committee of the Clinical Society of London appointed in 1883 to consider the subject of myxedema”, as "Delusions and hallucinations occur in nearly half the cases, mainly where the disease is advanced... acute or chronic manias, dementia, or melancholia, with a marked predominance of suspicion and self-accusation." The name "myxedema madness" was proposed in 1949. Myxedematous psychosis, more commonly referred to as the myxedema madness is manifested through hypothyroidism which is a condition in where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, some of the most common symptoms linked with both of these conditions include: Fatigue, Cold intolerance, Menstrual abnormalities, Decreased appetite, Constipation, Hoarse voice, Bradycardia, Non-pitting edema, Facial puffiness, Slow speech, and Delayed relaxation of deep tendon reflex and fatigue. Examplecase report: See also [ ] • References [ ] • Asher, R. (1949). The British Medical Journal. 2 (4627): 555–562. • Krüger, Jana; Kraschewski, Adrian; Jockers-Scherübl, Maria C. (2021-09-01). General Hospital Psychiatry. 72: 102–116. • Parikh, Nimesh; Sharma, Prateek; Parmar, Chirag (January 2014). Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 36 (1): 80–81. • Pattaravimonporn, Nutnicha; Chaikijurajai, Thanat; Chamroonrat, Wichana...

In this article, we cover primary, secondary & tertiary hypothyroidism, and its related critical care topic: a myxedema coma. Knowing the pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment for these will be key in your Med-Surg exams as well as your nursing career. These disorders are covered in our Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism is a disease marked by inadequate production of T3 and T4, which are thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland. TRH, TSH, T3/T4 hormone review If you remember from our • Hypothalamus produces TRH • Pituitary gland produces TSH • Thyroid produces T3/T4 Pathophysiology of hypothyroidism To understand the differences between primary, secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism, you can flip the chain backwards (so that you are starting from the thyroid). • Thyroid produces T3/T4 • Pituitary gland produces TSH • Hypothalamus produces TRH Primary hypothyroidism In primary hypothyroidism, there is a problem with the thyroid gland itself. If the thyroid gland is damaged, it cannot produce the T3 and T4 that it should. The leading cause of primary hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s disease. Hashimoto’s disease, also called chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disorder that causes antibodies to attack and destroy the thyroid tissue. It occurs most commonly in middle-age women, but can occur in others. Secondary hypothyroidism Secondary causes of hypothyroidism occur when there is an issue with the pituitary gland, like a pituitary tumor. In this case, the p...

Recent Examples on the Web Particularly in situations where people get illnesses such as the flu, people can get an infection and go into the state of myxedema coma, a life-threatening disorder where the mortality rate is extremely high. — BostonGlobe.com, 9 Dec. 2019 These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'myxedema.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Etymology Note: Term introduced by the British physician William Miller Ord (1834-1902) in "On myxœdema, a term proposed to be applied to the essential condition in the 'cretinoid' affection occasionally observed in middle-aged women," Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. 61 (1878), p. 71: "As regards the class of cases immediately in question, my suggestion is that the whole collection of symptoms are related as effects to jelly-like swelling of the connective tissue, chiefly if not entirely consisting in an overgrowth of the mucus-yielding cement by which the fibrils of the white element are held together. Accordingly I propose to give the name o