Name the various cell organelles present in the cytoplasm of a cell

Organelles (literally "little organs"), are usually membrane-bound structures inside the cell that have specific functions. Some major organelles that are suspended in the cytosol are the nucleus, mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, and in plant cells, chloroplasts. 3)Endoplasmic reticulum -The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous organelle that shares part of its membrane with that of the nucleus. Some portions of the ER, known as the rough ER, are studded with ribosomes and are involved with protein manufacture. The rest of the organelle is referred to as the smooth ER and serves to produce vital lipids (fats).

Bacterial cells Bacteria are all single-celled. The cells are all prokaryotic . This means they do not have a nucleus or any other structures which are surrounded by membranes . Larger bacterial cells may be visible using a light microscope, however an electron microscope would be needed to see the details of the cell organelles. A generalised bacterial cell and its components Plant and animal cells have some components in common with bacterial cells. These include the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Bacteria have other components that are unique: Structure How it is related to its function Chromosomal DNA The DNA of bacterial cells is found loose in the cytoplasm. It is called chromosomal DNA and is not contained within a nucleus. Plasmid DNA Bacteria also have small, closed-circles of DNA called plasmids present in their cytoplasm. Unlike the chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA can move from one bacterium to another giving variation. Flagella Bacteria can have one or more flagella (singular: flagellum). These can rotate or move in a whip-like motion to move the bacterium. Cell wall Plant and bacterial cell walls provide structure and protection. Only plant cell walls are made from cellulose. Bacteria are amongst the simplest of organisms. Their cells do not divide by mitosis. Instead they copy themselves by binary fission. The process is similar, but we use a different name for it because prokaryotic bacteria are very different from other eukaryotic plant and animal cells. Eukaryo...

If you prick your finger or scrape your knee, you'll see some droplets of blood form. Just by eye, these droplets may seem to be made of uniform red liquid, similar to food coloring or paint. However, if you were to look under a microscope, you would see that your blood is actually a mixture of liquid and cells. And if you could zoom in even further, you would see that there are also many macromolecules (such as proteins) and ions (such as sodium) floating in the liquid. All of these components are important to the roles blood plays in the body. The plasma is about 90 % 90\% 9 0 % 90, percent water, with the remaining 10 % 10\% 1 0 % 10, percent made up of ions, proteins, nutrients, wastes, and dissolved gases. The ions, proteins, and other molecules found in plasma are important for maintaining blood pH and osmotic balance, with albumin (the main protein in human plasma) playing a particularly important role. Some of the molecules found in the plasma have more specialized functions. For example, hormones act as long-distance signals, antibodies recognize and neutralize pathogens, and clotting factors promote blood clot formation at the site of wounds. (Plasma that’s been stripped of its clotting factors is called serum.) Lipids, such as cholesterol, are also carried in plasma, but must travel with escort proteins because they don’t dissolve in water. These characteristics allow red blood cells to effectively perform their task of oxygen transport. Small size and biconcave...

The cytoplasm is the semi-viscous ground substance of the cell. All the volume of such substances outside the nucleus and inside the • It is sometimes described as the non-nuclear content of the protoplasm. • All the cellular contents in prokaryotes are contained within the cell’s cytoplasm. • In eukaryote organisms, thenucleusof the cell isseparated from the cytoplasm. • The cytoplasm is the substance of life, it serves as a molecular soup and it is in the cytoplasm where all thecellularorganellesare suspended and arebound together by a lipid bilayer membrane. • The cytoplasm was discovered in the year 1835 by Robert Brown and other scientists. Figure: Diagram of Cytoplasm Structure/ Components of the Cytoplasm The main components of the cytoplasm are: • Cytosol– a gel-like substance • Organelles – the cell’s internal sub-structures, and • Various cytoplasmic inclusions. The Cytosol The cytosol is the part of the cytoplasm that is not occupied by any organelle. It is a gelatinous fluid, where other components of the cytoplasm remain suspended. It mainly consists of cytoskeleton filaments, organic molecules, salt, and water. Organelles Organelles mean “little organs”, that are membrane-bound. They are present inside the cell and perform specific functions that are necessary for the survival of the cell. Some of the constituents of the cell that are suspended in the cytosol are cellular organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosome...