Normal hemoglobin levels by age in female

Background Measurement of gylcated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) plays a central role in monitoring quality of antidiabetic therapy and in the diagnosis of diabetes. Several studies report increased levels of HbA1c in nondiabetic elderly. However, this observation did not reach incorporation into daily clinical practice or the respective guidelines. The present study aimed to evaluate HbA1c levels in relation to age in two independent population-based cohorts and to derive age-specific reference intervals. Methods Four thousand two hundred sixty three participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-0) and 4402 participants from the independent study SHIP-Trend were included. HbA1c was determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariable linear regression models were performed. Reference intervals for HbA1c were determined. Results Reference intervals were derived from a healthy subpopulation with the upper reference limit (URL) for HbA1c of 42.1 mmol/Mol (6.0%) for individuals aged 20–39 years increasing to 43.2 mmol/Mol (6.1%) for individuals aged 40–59 years. For people aged ≥60 years the URL was 47.5 mmol/Mol (6.5%). In both study populations an increase in HbA1c with age was observed. ANOVA revealed up to 8.5 mmol/Mol (0.77%) or 7.3 mmol/Mol (0.68%) higher estimated mean levels of HbA1c in the oldest compared to the youngest age group in SHIP-0 or SHIP-trend, respectively. Linear regression analyses confirmed the positive...

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Hemoglobin Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in red blood cells. It gives blood its red colour. Hemoglobin transports oxygen to and removes carbon dioxide from our organs and tissues. The hemoglobin molecule contains When you donate blood, you’re also donating some of your hemoglobin. That’s why it’s important for donors to consider their iron stores. Low hemoglobin, also called anemia, can lead to tiredness, difficulty concentrating, and when severe, even difficulty breathing, chest pain with exertion and fainting. Normal hemoglobin levels differ depending on several factors, including age, sex at birth, hormonal supplementation, altitude of residence as well as presence of different hemoglobin types that impact hemoglobin turnover and affinity for oxygen binding. Normal hemoglobin levels have a wide range, usually from 120 g/L to 180 g/L. Why does Canadian Blood Services measure hemoglobin levels? For whole blood, platelets and some types of plasma donation, donors registered as male must have a hemoglobin level of at least 130 g/L and donors registered as female must have a hemoglobin level of at least 125 g/L. For plasma donation, the hemoglobin level must be at least 125 g/L for all donors, regardless of gender at registration. Why is there a minimum hemoglobin level requirement for donors? Blood donation, through removal of red blood cells, leads to removal of hemoglobin. Donors may develop low hemoglobin levels or anemia. To ensure donors have sufficient blood leve...

Microcytosis is typically an incidental finding in asymptomatic patients who received a complete blood count for other reasons. The condition is defined as a mean corpuscular volume of less than 80 μm 3 (80 fL) in adults. The most common causes of microcytosis are iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait. Other diagnoses to consider include anemia of chronic disease, lead toxicity, and sideroblastic anemia. Serum ferritin measurement is the first laboratory test recommended in the evaluation of microcytosis. Low ferritin levels suggest iron deficiency. Once a presumptive diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia has been made, an underlying source for the deficiency should be determined. Iron deficiency anemia in adults is presumed to be caused by blood loss; the most common source of bleeding is the gastrointestinal tract. The possibility of gastrointestinal malignancy must be considered. If the serum ferritin level is not initially low, further evaluation should include total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation level, serum iron level, and possibly hemoglobin electrophoresis. Anemia of chronic disease is suggested with low iron levels and decreased total iron-binding capacity. Patients with beta-thalassemia trait usually have elevated levels of hemoglobin A2. Clinical recommendation Evidence rating References The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in adult patients requires further evaluation for occult blood loss. C – Ferritin measurement is recommended as the ...