Nuclear suppliers group

Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), voluntary association of 48 countries that are capable of exporting and transporting civilian nuclear technology and that have pledged to conduct the transfer of this technology under mutually agreed guidelines. The ultimate purpose of the NSG’s guidelines is to prevent civilian nuclear material, equipment, and technology from reaching countries that might use it to construct The NSG was formed following the explosion by India in 1974 of a nuclear device that had been built by using civilian technology acquired under the Another set of guidelines was approved by the NSG in 1992 to govern the transfer of “dual-use” items, ranging from machine tools to lasers to various electronic components, that have both nuclear and nonnuclear applications. These guidelines were created after it became clear that Despite general unanimity within the NSG, friction occasionally arises as member states, pursuing their own political and economic interests, sometimes chafe against the group’s guidelines. Relations with

• Argentina • Australia • Austria • Belarus • Belgium • Brazil • Bulgaria • Canada • China • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Italy • Japan • Kazakhstan • Latvia • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Malta • Mexico • Netherlands • New Zealand • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia • South Africa • South Korea • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States The Nuclear Suppliers Group is a group of nuclear supplier countries that seeks to contribute to the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons through the implementation of two sets of Guidelines for nuclear exports and nuclear-related exports. The NSG first met in November 1975 in London, and is thus popularly referred to as the “London Club” (“Club de Londres”). • Permanent Observer: European Commission. Procedures & Early Developments The NSG requires The Guidelines for Nuclear Transfers, initially agreed upon by supplier states in 1977 and transmitted to the IAEA Director-General in January 1978, envisage additional export control restraints beyond those provided for in the NPT. These restraints prohibit the use of exports from being used in any nuclear explosive device; mandate restraint in the transfer of facilities and technologies used for reprocessing, uranium enrichment, and heavy water production; require physical protection of nuclear materials and facilities; an...

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Contacts: Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107; Director for Nonproliferation Policy, (202) 463-8270 x102 Established in 1975, the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is comprised of The NSG aims to prevent nuclear exports for commercial and peaceful purposes from being used to make nuclear weapons. In order to ensure that their nuclear imports are not used to develop weapons, NSG members are expected to forgo nuclear trade with governments that do not subject themselves to confidence-building international measures and inspections. The NSG has two sets of Guidelines listing the specific nuclear materials, equipment, and technologies that are subject to export controls. History Negotiated in 1968, the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) granted non-nuclear-weapon states access to nuclear materials and technology for strictly peaceful purposes. Recognizing peaceful nuclear programs could turn into weapons programs, several NPT nuclear supplier states sought to determine the conditions for sharing specific equipment and materials with non-nuclear-weapon states. In 1971, these supplier states formed the Zangger Committee in order to require states outside the NPT to institute International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards before importing certain items that could be used to pursue nuclear weapons—referred to as the "Trigger List." India's explosion of a nuclear device in 1974 reaffirmed the fact that nuclear materials and technologies acquired under the guise of peaceful...

This article needs additional citations for Please help Find sources: · · · · ( June 2016) ( The NSG was founded in response to the A series of meetings in The name of the "London Club" was due to the series of meetings in London. It has also been referred to as the London Group, or the London Suppliers Group. The NSG did not meet again until 1991. The "Trigger List" remained unchanged until 1991, although the Zangger list was regularly updated. The revelations about the Participating governments [ ] Initially the NSG had seven participating governments: Canada, As of 2022 During a state visit to India in November 2010, U.S. President During a visit to India in December 2010, French President Switzerland also announced its backing on India's participation in 48 member group on 6 June 2016 during PM Modi's visit to Geneva, However, China is opposing India's accession citing Pakistan's non-admission in the exclusive group. In June 2016, India got crucial support from Mexico in its bid to become a participant of the NSG ahead of a plenary meeting of the 48-nation bloc whose members are allowed to trade in and export nuclear technology. In July 2016, South Africa agreed to back India's entry into the NSG. On 17 October 2016, following the As of 2019, China has thwarted every attempt of India's inclusion into NSG and has made it clear that status quo will remain citing "lack of consensus" among NSG members. Pakistan [ ] Pakistan is supported by Turkey and China. In 2004, the il...

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s long pursuit of membership for India in the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) seems to have stagnated, incrementally losing momentum after a lack of forward progress — thanks to China — since the NSG Annual Plenaries in 2016 and 2018. In 2022, India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar declared that India looked forward to join the NSG and overcoming “political impediments that are against global interest.” Despite Modi’s intense lobbying , India still remains outside the elite nuclear club, unable to extract the same benefits as its 48 participating states. New Delhi desperately needs to revive its membership efforts. Joining the NSG with full membership remains a key priority for the Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government for two principal reasons. First, it would mark a major foreign policy achievement for the BJP and Modi, completing India’s accession to all the key multilateral export control arrangements, after already securing membership in the Missile Technology Control Regime (2016), Wassenaar Arrangement (2017) and Australia Group (2018) — all under Modi’s premiership. Second, impediments to India’s NSG membership also provide political leverage to India’s main opposition party in the Parliament, the Indian National Congress (INC), which was largely responsible for championing the India-U.S. civil nuclear deal and securing India’s NSG waiver during the first Manmohan Singh-led government (2004-2009). Diplomat Brief Weekly...

KHERSON, Ukraine, June 6 (Reuters) - A torrent of water burst through a massive dam on the Dnipro River that separates Russian and Ukrainian forces in southern Ukraine on Tuesday, flooding a swathe of the war zone, forcing villagers to flee and prompting finger-pointing from both sides. Ukraine said Russia had committed a deliberate war crime in blowing up the Soviet-era Nova Kakhovka dam, which powered a hydroelectric station. The Kremlin blamed Ukraine, saying it was trying to distract from the launch of a major counteroffensive Moscow says is faltering. Some Russian-installed officials said the dam had collapsed on its own, while Washington said it was uncertain who was responsible. But Deputy U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Robert Wood told reporters it would not make sense for Ukraine to destroy the dam. Neither side offered immediate public evidence of who was to blame. The Geneva Conventions Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said in a video address that his prosecutors had already approached the International Criminal Court about the dam incident. Earlier, he claimed on Telegram that Russian forces blew up the power plant from inside. Buses, trains and private vehicles were marshalled to carry people to safety while some people waded in knee-deep water, carrying pets and luggage. "Residents are sitting on the roofs of their homes waiting to be rescued.... This is a Russian crime against people, nature and life itself," Oleksiy Kuleba, a senior official o...