Nursing diagnosis for hypertension

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Antihypertensive Agents: Generic and Brand Names Here is a table of commonly encountered antihypertensive drugs, their generic names, and brand names: • Angiotensin-Converting Enzymes (ACE) Inhibitors • benazepril (Lotensin) • captopril (Capoten) • enalapril (Vasotec IV) • quinapril (Accupril) • Angiotensin II-Receptor Blockers (ARBs) • irbesartan (Avapro) • losartan (Cozaar) • telmisartan (Micardis) • valsartan (Diovan) • Calcium-Channel Blockers • amlodipine (Norvasc) • diltiazem (Diltiazem) • nicardipine (Cardene) • nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia) • • Vasodilators • hydralazine (Apresoline) • minoxidil (Loniten) • nitroprusside (Nitropress) • Renin Inhibitors • aliskiren (Tekturna) Disease Spotlight: Hypertension Hypertension affects 20% of the population of theUnited States alone. Types Ninety percent of these cases have no known cause and is termed as essential hypertension. Of this type, there is elevated total peripheral resistance. Also, the organs are perfused effectively and people with essential hypertension usually exhibit no symptoms. It is also the reason why hypertension is tagged as the “silent killer.” Another type of hypertension called secondary hypertension is characterized by elevated blood pressure due to a known cause. For example, a phaeochromocytoma can cause the organ to release ahigh amount of catecholamines, which greatly increase blood pre...

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (also known as pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders, pregnancy induced Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy include five categories of hypertension and are defined as such by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG): Gestational Hypertensive Disorders • • Preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition and is defined as a new-onset of hypertension that occurs most often after 20 weeks of gestation. Blood pressure is elevated more than 140 mm Hg systolic, more than 90 mm Hg diastolic. Hypertension is usually accompanied by new-onset • Eclampsia. Eclampsia is the onset of Chronic Hypertensive Disorders • Chronic hypertension. Chronic hypertension as hypertension diagnosed or present before pregnancy or before 20 weeks of gestation. It is more prevalent with increasing late childbearing and in persons with obesity. Additionally, hypertension that is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy and that does not resolve postpartum is also classified as chronic hypertension. • Chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is considered superimposed when it complicates preexisting chronic hypertension. About half of women with chronic hypertension may develop superimposed preeclampsia. It is associated with increased maternal or fetal mortality. Table of contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Nursing Care Plans and Management Nursing care planning and management for pregnant clients...

Hypertension is a major risk factor for multiple cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, end-stage renal disease, and peripheral vascular disease. The World Health Organization estimates that nearly one-third of worldwide deaths are due to hypertension. About 78 million people in the US have hypertension. Because it is typically asymptomatic, most affected individuals are unaware of the condition. In fact, 20% of hypertensive persons are unaware of their disease, and only about half of those who are aware achieve adequate blood pressure control. The vast majority of cases are referred to as primary or essential, meaning that no specific cause has been identified (although diet, obesity, and other controllable factors contribute to essential hypertension). Approximately 5-10% of cases are secondary; that is, they have an identifiable contributing factor, such as renal or renovascular disease, endocrine pathology, obstructive sleep apnea, or prescription and over-the-counter medications. Although hypertension usually is without signs or symptoms, severe cases may be marked by headache, vision changes, and nausea and vomiting. Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Black Americans have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared with African Black individuals and North American white individuals (including Latinos). The following factors increase the likelihood of developing hypertension: Age. About two-thirds of Americans over age 65 have high bl...

Hyperlipidemia is the medical term for high cholesterol. Cholesterol causes plaque formation in the arteries reducing blood flow and oxygen throughout the body. Plaque buildup and hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) can cause Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is known as the “bad” cholesterol and the main cause of cardiovascular disease. LDL greater than 190 mg/dL is considered high cholesterol, and this number reduces as additional risk factors are added (age, family history, Lifestyle changes through diet, exercise, weight management, and not smoking are the cornerstone of controlling hyperlipidemia. A drug class known as statins can lower LDL levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. The Nursing Process Nurses are important in the education process in managing hyperlipidemia. Nurses educate patients on their risk factors for hyperlipidemia and appropriate treatment. Nurses can help patients in creating and progressing toward their lifestyle goals to achieve positive outcomes. Nursing Care Plans Related to Hyperlipidemia Sedentary Lifestyle Care Plan A sedentary lifestyle lowers HDL cholesterol, the “good” cholesterol, which means there is more LDL (bad) cholesterol in the blood. Nursing Diagnosis: Sedentary Lifestyle Related to: • Lack of motivation/interest • Lack of resources (time, access to gym, safe place to exercise) • • Chronic disease causing pain • Lack of training on proper/safe exercise As evidenced by: • Verbalizes disinterest in e...

Scenario: This nursing care plan for hypertension features a client presents to the hospital after having a blood pressure reading of 195/125 mmHg at his primary care office. He is 72 years old Caucasian male with a history of hypertension, MI with CABG (2012), T2DM, and hyperlipidemia. He indicates that his primary care provider was concerned that he may be at risk of having another cardiovascular event. As of right now he does not have any chest pain at rest but does report a mild headache. His at home medication regimen includes metformin 1000mg po twice daily, glipizide 2.5 mg PO daily, rosuvastatin 20mg po daily, lisinopril 10 mg PO daily, warfarin 2mg PO daily, and low dose 81mg chewable aspirin. He states that he has been on vacation with family for a month and ran out of his high blood pressure medication two weeks ago. Current vital signs: BP 205/125 mmHg, HR 55 BPM, O2 sat 94 %, temperature 98.7’F, and RR of 13. His INR is 1.3 and his lipids are WNL. Diagnosis: Client presents with hypertensive emergency as evidenced by a systolic reading of > 180 mmHg and diastolic > 120 mmHg. Bradycardia which is secondary to hypertensive episode. Other signs include reports of a mild headache which could be due to hypertension. Subjective: Client presents to the hospital after a concerning reading at his physician’s office. He reports concern because of he had an MI several years ago. He indicated that he has missed many doses of lisinopril over the last couple of weeks becaus...

Description • Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is defined as a persistent systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg, or current use of antihypertensive medication. There is a direct relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). • Contributing factors to the development of hypertension include cardiovascular risk factors combined with socioeconomic conditions and ethnic differences. • Hypertension is generally an asymptomatic condition. Individuals who remain undiagnosed and untreated for hypertension present the greatest challenge and opportunity for health care providers. • Is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke. • High blood pressure increases the risk of ischemic heart disease by 3-4 fold • The incidence of stroke increases approximately 8 fold in persons with definite hypertension • It has been estimated that 40% of cases of acute MI or stroke are attributable to hypertension • The hemodynamic hallmark of hypertension is persistently increased SVR. • Water and sodium retention: A high-sodium intake may activate a number of pressor mechanisms and cause water retention. • Altered renin-angiotensin mechanism: High plasma renin activity (PRA) results in the increased conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I causing arteriolar constriction, vascular hypertrophy, and aldosterone secretion. • Stress and increased SNS activity: Arteria...

NANDA International’s Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and classification text is the definitive guide to nursing diagnoses, as reviewed and approved by NANDA-I. The editors have written all introductory chapters at an undergraduate nursing level, providing the critical information needed for nurses to understand assessment, its link to diagnosis and clinical reasoning, and the purpose and use of taxonomic structure for the nurse at the bedside. Publications Include • New and revised nursing diagnoses. • Updates to nursing diagnosis labels, ensuring they are consistent with current literature and reflect a human response. • Modifications to the vast majority of the nursing diagnosis definitions, including risk diagnoses. • Standardization of diagnostic indicator terms (defining characteristics, related factors, risk factors, associated conditions, and at-risk populations) to further aid clarity for readers and clinicians. • Web-based resources include chapter and reference lists for new diagnoses. **If you are a member, please log in to the Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.

Hypertension is common. However, despite being common, a lot of people aren’t fully aware of what it is, what damages it can cause, and why it happens. Affecting about What Is Hypertension? Hypertension is more commonly known as high blood pressure. It happens when the pressure of your blood that gets pumped through your arteries goes beyond the norm and what the body can handle. Because there are usually no signs and symptoms, hypertension is popularly called as the “silent killer”. As patients don’t feel any dramatic change in how they feel, the constant pressure in the arteries usually ends up causing serious damage and health problems. The list includes: • Heart attack • Metabolic syndrome • Heart failure • Aneurysm • Narrowing and weakening of the blood vessels in the kidneys • Narrowing and weakening of the blood vessels in the eyes • Issues with memory Hypertension can happen in one of three adults worldwide. Middle-aged men who are around 45 years of age frequently develop the condition. And it’s not just the adults who can have high blood pressure. Children who are inactive, living an unhealthy lifestyle and those who are obese can be hypertensive, too. Other risk factors for hypertension include: Race It’s been established that people with dark skin are more predisposed to getting high blood pressure than those who have pale skin. Age As you age, the walls of the arteries become less and less flexible. This prevents the walls of the arteries from opening effectiv...

Hypertension is the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension is rising globally owing to the aging of the population and increases in exposure to lifestyle risk factors including unhealthy diets and lack of physical activity. Due to the associated morbidity and mortality and cost to society, preventing and treating hypertension is an important public health challenge. Definition High blood pressure or hypertension is defined by two levels by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines: (1) elevated BP, with systolic pressure between 120 and 129 mm Hg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mm Hg, and (2) stage 1 hypertension, with a systolic BP of 130 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic BP of 80 to 89 mm Hg. However, defining abnormally high blood pressure is extremely difficult and arbitrary. A level for high BP must be agreed upon in clinical practice for screening clients diagnosed with hypertension and for instituting diagnostic evaluation and initiating therapy. Because the risk to an individual client may correlate with the severity of hypertension, a classification system is essential for making decisions about the aggressiveness of treatment or therapeutic interventions. Classification The 2017 guideline classifies BP into four categories: normal, elevated, and stage 1 and 2 hypertension. The greatest departures from the JNC 7 are the eliminatio...

Gestational Hypertension, also known as pregnancy-induced hypertension, is a situation when a person has elevated blood pressure during the patient’s pregnancy and is usually diagnosed after 20 weeks of pregnancy or close to delivery. Gestational hypertension occurs in about 6 percent of all pregnancies and can progress into preeclampsia. • • absence or presence of protein in the patient’s urine • swelling or • a sudden increase in weight • visual changes and disturbances such as blurred or double vision • nausea • vomiting • • a small amount of urination • changes in the Causes of Gestational Hypertension The exact cause of gestational hypertension is unknown and some conditions may increase the risk of causing the conditions which include the following: • Pre-existing hypertension. If the patient has a history of increased blood pressure there is an increase in the resistance of the blood vessels which may hinder blood flow in many different organs of the body in the expectant mother including the patient’s liver, kidneys brain, uterus, and placenta. • Kidney disease. Kidney disease can increase the development of • Diabetes. Gestational diabetes increases the risk of gestational hypertension and is associated with a high incidence of essential hypertension. • Age. Having an age younger than 20 or older than 40increases the risk of gestational hypertension because advanced maternal age has low nitric oxide levels and high oxidative stress that will adversely affect the r...