Parietal lobe

When brain tumors are very small, some people may not experience any symptoms or the symptoms are so minimal they don’t notice them. As brain tumors grow, signs and symptoms can vary and largely depend on the tumor’s location within the brain, its size, and how quickly it grows. Some of the more common signs and symptoms caused by brain tumors include the following: • Headaches • Seizures • Difficulty thinking, speaking, or finding words • Changes in personality or behavior • Weakness, numbness, or loss of movement in one part or one side of the body • Difficulty with balance or dizziness • Sensory changes like difficulty hearing, difficulty seeing, or loss of smell • Memory loss • Confusion in everyday matters or disorientation • Unexplained nausea or vomiting • Fatigue or muscle weakness Other possible signs and symptoms can include abnormal eye movements, trouble swallowing, trouble walking, weakness or drooping of one side of the face, loss of appetite or weight loss, and slurred speech. If you are experiencing any new, persistent, or concerning symptoms or you suspect you may have a brain tumor, please talk to your healthcare provider as soon as possible. If you suddenly experience any of the following symptoms, please call 911: • Numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg • Trouble speaking or understanding speech • Trouble seeing in one or both eyes • Difficulty with walking, balance, or dizziness • Worst headache of your life While seizures may not require emerg...

Contents • 1 Disease Entity • 1.1 Disease • 1.2 Etiology • 1.2.1 Orbit • 1.2.2 Intracranial optic nerve, junctional and optic chiasm • 1.2.3 Retrochiasmal Lesions • 2 Clinical Manifestations • 2.1 Orbit • 2.2 Chiasm • 2.3 Retro-chiasmal • 2.3.1 Optic tract • 2.3.2 Temporal lobe • 2.3.3 Parietal Lobe • 2.3.4 Occipital lobes • 3 Diagnostic Criteria • 4 General treatment • 5 References Disease Entity Compressive Visual field defects Disease Mass effect is the compression of nearby structures by a mass (aneurysm, tumor, hematoma, abscess). When affecting the visual pathway, mass effect can cause a multitude of changes in a patient’s visual field. Specific visual field deficits can be attributed to the location of compression, which in turn can help clinicians localize lesions based on physical examination and diagnostic testing. Etiology The locations and associated tumors along the visual pathway include: Orbit The orbit can be divided into 3 different zones: intraconal, extraconal, and intercompartmental. The “cone” refers to the area created by the four rectus muscles and the intermuscular membrane that joins them and extends posteriorly to the insertion of the muscle tendons on the annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex • Intraconal • Cavernous hemangioma • Optic nerve sheath meningioma • Schwannoma • Neurofibroma (localized) • Fibrous histiocytoma • Capillary hemangioma (children) • Rhabdomyosarcoma • Malignant rhabdoid tumor • Primary orbital melanoma • Leiomyoma • Leiomyos...

The parietal lobe contains an area known as the primary sensory area. This is where impulses from the skin, such as warmth, cold, pain, and touch, are interpreted. Just like the primary motor area in the frontal lobe, the more sensory input that comes from an area of the body (like the fingers), the more surface area of the parietal lobe is involved in the processing of that information. The parietal lobe is also an essential element of spatial information, which gives us the ability to judge size, distance, and shapes. A specific triangular-shaped area known as the parietal association cortex gives us the ability to understand written language and solve mathematical problems. The left hemisphere of the parietal lobe is often more active in right-handed people. This lobe is known for handling the symbolism of letters and numbers. The right hemisphere tends to be more active in left-handed people and helps with the interpretation of images and spatial distances within them, such as those that exist in maps. Regardless of handedness, people are not “right brained” or “left brained”; we use both sides of our parietal lobe. Last medically reviewed on January 20, 2018

Table of Contents • • • • Where is the Parietal Lobe Located? The parietal lobe of the brain is situated between the frontal and This lobe is particularly important in integrating information The parietal lobes allow us to coordinate our movements in response to the objects in our environment through the use of visual pathways – allowing us to process what and where things are. What Does the Parietal Lobe Do? Below is a list of some of the associated functions of the parietal lobes: • Perception of the body Perception and integration of somatosensory information (e.g. touch, pain, pressure and temperature). • Spatial mapping and attention • Visuospatial processing • Coordination of movement • Reading • Writing Number representation (mathematics) The parietal lobes can be divided into two functional areas. The first is sensation and perception, which integrates sensory information to develop a single perception (also known as cognition). The second is integrating sensory input, this is mainly visual and aids in constructing spatial maps to represent the world around us. The parietal lobes contain several spatial reference maps of the body, which are distinct and constantly updating as we continue to interact with the world. The cortex of the parietal lobes (the outermost part) is known to be involved in processing attentional awareness of the environment, as well as being able to manipulate objects and give representation to numbers. Neuropsychologists believe that the left...