Pedal edema

There are many different kinds and causes of edema, and it’s often a symptom of another condition. Serious illnesses that can cause edema include: • • • liver issues like • • • • • certain Other factors that can cause edema include: • chronic venous insufficiency • obstructive sleep apnea • prior lymph node resection • previous radiation treatments In pregnancy, edema is common as a person’s fluid volume increases. But rapid development of edema can indicate a serious condition called Severe protein malnutrition is also a cause of edema. Medications Medications that can cause edema include: • • • • It’s important that your doctor identify the cause of your edema so that it can be treated properly. Temporary edema can often be improved by reducing your salt intake and keeping your legs up when sitting. Treatment at home Here are a few other things you can try to ease edema: • eating a wide variety of healthy foods while avoiding packaged and • getting a • avoiding • wearing support stockings • trying Medical treatment Here’s some advice you may receive for specific conditions or situations: • Heart failure. may be used in conjunction with other medications that improve heart function. • Cirrhosis. Eliminating all alcohol, reducing salt, and taking diuretics can improve symptoms. • Lymphedema. Diuretics can be helpful during early onset. Compression Seek medical care immediately if your edema is suddenly worse, painful, new, or if it’s associated with chest pain or trouble b...

Contents • 1 Background • 1.1 Causes of pedal edema • 2 Clinical Features • 3 Differential Diagnosis • 3.1 Bilateral leg swelling • 4 Evaluation • 4.1 Workup • 4.2 Diagnosis • 5 Management • 6 Disposition • 7 See Also • 8 External Links • 9 References Background • Most common cause is bilaeral pedal edema • Definition: existence of the excess fluid in the lower extremity resulting in swelling of the feet and extending upward • Further classified as pitting (depress-able) and non-pitting Causes of • Pedal edema • Gravitational • • • Drugs • • Birth control • • • • • • • • Idiopathic • Other • • Evaluation Workup • CBC • Chem 7 • PT vs albumin (liver) • • • • Consider Diagnosis • Idiopathic edema is a diagnosis of exclusion, must first rule out CHF, cirrhosis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, chronic venous insufficiency, and medication-induced edema Management • Treatment is based on addressing underlying disease process • Idiopathic pedal edema need not to be treated with diuretics Disposition • If no respiratory symptoms, most patients may be safely discharged home • Patients should be followed up in medical clinic for further investigation and care See Also • External Links • References

Edema is a common clinical sign that may indicate numerous pathologies. As a sequela of imbalanced capillary hemodynamics, edema is an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial compartment. The chronicity and laterality of the edema guide evaluation. Medications (e.g., antihypertensives, anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones) can contribute to edema. Evaluation should begin with obtaining a basic metabolic panel, liver function tests, thyroid function testing, brain natriuretic peptide levels, and a urine protein/creatinine ratio. Validated decision rules, such as the Wells and STOP-Bang (snoring, tired, observed, pressure, body mass index, age, neck size, gender) criteria, can guide decision-making regarding the possibility of venous thromboembolic disease and obstructive sleep apnea, respectively. Acute unilateral lower-extremity edema warrants immediate evaluation for deep venous thrombosis with a d-dimer test or compression ultrasonography. For patients with chronic bilateral lower-extremity edema, duplex ultrasonography with reflux can help diagnose chronic venous insufficiency. Patients with pulmonary edema or elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels should undergo echocardiography to assess for heart failure. Lymphedema is often a clinical diagnosis; lymphoscintigraphy can be performed if the diagnosis is unclear. Treatment of edema is specific to the etiology. Diuretics are effective but should be used only for systemic causes of edema. Ruscus extract and horse chestn...

Peripheral edema is swelling of your lower legs or hands. The cause may be simple, such as sitting for too long on a plane or standing for too long. It is common in older adults and pregnant women, but it can occur at any age. What is it? Peripheral edema is swelling of your lower legs or hands. The cause may be simple, such as sitting for too long on a plane or standing for too long. Or it may involve a more serious underlying disease. Edema occurs when something disrupts the usual balance of fluids in your cells. As a result, an abnormal amount of fluid accumulates in your tissues (interstitial space). Gravity pulls the fluid down into your legs and feet. Peripheral edema is common in older adults and pregnant women, but it can occur at any age. It may affect one or both legs. If its onset is sudden and painful, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. Symptoms of peripheral edema vary according to the underlying cause. In general, your legs or other affected area may: • look swollen and puffy • feel heavy, achy, or stiff • be bruised or discolored from an injury Other symptoms may include: • skin in the swollen area that feels tight or warm • • swollen legs or feet that make it hard for you to walk • difficulty putting on stockings or shoes • weight that goes up from the fluid increase Peripheral edema has a wide variety of causes. In general, if your edema subsides overnight, it indicates a milder cause. Constant peripheral edema, day and night, suggests a more dif...

"Edema" is the medical term for swelling, parts of the body swell from injury or inflammation. It can affect a small area or the whole body. Edema may be caused by drugs, pregnancy, infections, and many other medical issues. Edema occurs when small blood vessels leak fluid into nearby tissues. That extra fluid builds up, causing the tissue to swell. It can cause problems in almost every part of the body. Book Appointment What is Pedal Edema? Pedal edema causes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the ankles, feet, and lower legs causing swelling of the feet and ankles. Two mechanisms can cause edema of the feet. Venous edema occurs due to increased capillary leakage that causes fluid to leak into the interstitial space from the venous system. Lymphatic edema is caused by dysfunction or obstruction of the outflow of lymph from the legs. This results in the accumulation of fluid in the ankles. These fluid accumulation mechanisms can occur together or independently. Venous edema can also cause lymphatic edema. Most of the time, mild cases of foot edema are usually caused by a buildup of fluid called edema. Pedal edema causes swelling of the feet and legs that is often due to standing (or sitting) in the same position for a long time. Reducing your salt intake in food or doing basic exercises or keeping your feet elevated can reduce swelling. If the edema of the feet is due to an underlying medical condition, it is important to treat that condition to alleviate the edema. • Bl...

Leg and foot swelling during air travel is common and typically harmless. The most likely culprit is inactivity during a flight. Sitting with your feet on the floor for a long period causes blood to pool in your leg veins. The position of your legs when you are seated also increases pressure in your leg veins. This contributes to foot swelling by causing fluid to leave the blood and move into the surrounding soft tissues. To relieve foot swelling during a flight: • Wear loosefitting clothing • Take a short walk every hour or so • Flex and extend your ankles and knees frequently while you're seated • Flex your calf muscles • Shift your position in your seat as much as possible, being careful to avoid crossing your legs • Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration • Avoid alcohol and sedatives, which could make you too sleepy or unsteady to walk around the cabin Foot swelling isn't a serious problem if it lasts only a short time. But excessive swelling that persists for several hours after you resume activity may be due to a more serious condition, such as a blood clot in the leg (deep vein thrombosis). If you have swelling in only one leg and also have leg pain, seek prompt medical care. If you're at increased risk of blood clots, talk with your health care provider before flying. You may be at increased risk of blood clots if you recently had major surgery or you take birth control pills, for example. Your provider may recommend wearing compression stockings during your...

Edema is the result of an imbalance in the filtration system between the capillary and interstitial spaces. The kidneys play a key role in regulating extracellular fluid volume by adjusting sodium and water excretion. Major causes of edema include venous obstruction, increased capillary permeability, and increased plasma volume secondary to sodium and water retention. A systematic approach is warranted to determine the underlying diagnosis. Treatment includes sodium restriction, diuretic use, and appropriate management of the underlying disorder. Leg elevation may be helpful in some patients. Loop diuretics often are used alone or in combination. In patients with New York Heart Association class III and IV congestive heart failure, spironolactone has been found to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. In patients with cirrhosis, ascites is treated with paracentesis and spironolactone. Dihydropyridine-induced edema can be treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker. Lymphedema occurs when a protein-rich fluid accumulates in the interstitium. Compression garments and range-of-motion exercises may be helpful in patients with this condition. Key clinical recommendation Label References Treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker should be considered in patients with calcium channel blocker–induced pedal edema. A , Spironolactone (Aldactone) should be used to decrease morbidity and mortali...

Leg and foot swelling during air travel is common and typically harmless. The most likely culprit is inactivity during a flight. Sitting with your feet on the floor for a long period causes blood to pool in your leg veins. The position of your legs when you are seated also increases pressure in your leg veins. This contributes to foot swelling by causing fluid to leave the blood and move into the surrounding soft tissues. To relieve foot swelling during a flight: • Wear loosefitting clothing • Take a short walk every hour or so • Flex and extend your ankles and knees frequently while you're seated • Flex your calf muscles • Shift your position in your seat as much as possible, being careful to avoid crossing your legs • Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration • Avoid alcohol and sedatives, which could make you too sleepy or unsteady to walk around the cabin Foot swelling isn't a serious problem if it lasts only a short time. But excessive swelling that persists for several hours after you resume activity may be due to a more serious condition, such as a blood clot in the leg (deep vein thrombosis). If you have swelling in only one leg and also have leg pain, seek prompt medical care. If you're at increased risk of blood clots, talk with your health care provider before flying. You may be at increased risk of blood clots if you recently had major surgery or you take birth control pills, for example. Your provider may recommend wearing compression stockings during your...

Edema is the result of an imbalance in the filtration system between the capillary and interstitial spaces. The kidneys play a key role in regulating extracellular fluid volume by adjusting sodium and water excretion. Major causes of edema include venous obstruction, increased capillary permeability, and increased plasma volume secondary to sodium and water retention. A systematic approach is warranted to determine the underlying diagnosis. Treatment includes sodium restriction, diuretic use, and appropriate management of the underlying disorder. Leg elevation may be helpful in some patients. Loop diuretics often are used alone or in combination. In patients with New York Heart Association class III and IV congestive heart failure, spironolactone has been found to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. In patients with cirrhosis, ascites is treated with paracentesis and spironolactone. Dihydropyridine-induced edema can be treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker. Lymphedema occurs when a protein-rich fluid accumulates in the interstitium. Compression garments and range-of-motion exercises may be helpful in patients with this condition. Key clinical recommendation Label References Treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker should be considered in patients with calcium channel blocker–induced pedal edema. A , Spironolactone (Aldactone) should be used to decrease morbidity and mortali...

Peripheral edema is swelling of your lower legs or hands. The cause may be simple, such as sitting for too long on a plane or standing for too long. It is common in older adults and pregnant women, but it can occur at any age. What is it? Peripheral edema is swelling of your lower legs or hands. The cause may be simple, such as sitting for too long on a plane or standing for too long. Or it may involve a more serious underlying disease. Edema occurs when something disrupts the usual balance of fluids in your cells. As a result, an abnormal amount of fluid accumulates in your tissues (interstitial space). Gravity pulls the fluid down into your legs and feet. Peripheral edema is common in older adults and pregnant women, but it can occur at any age. It may affect one or both legs. If its onset is sudden and painful, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. Symptoms of peripheral edema vary according to the underlying cause. In general, your legs or other affected area may: • look swollen and puffy • feel heavy, achy, or stiff • be bruised or discolored from an injury Other symptoms may include: • skin in the swollen area that feels tight or warm • • swollen legs or feet that make it hard for you to walk • difficulty putting on stockings or shoes • weight that goes up from the fluid increase Peripheral edema has a wide variety of causes. In general, if your edema subsides overnight, it indicates a milder cause. Constant peripheral edema, day and night, suggests a more dif...