Photosynthesis equation

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\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • In multicellular autotrophs, the main cellular structures that allow photosynthesis to take place include chloroplasts, thylakoids, and chlorophyll. Key Points • The chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2.6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2. • In plants, the process of photosynthesis takes place in the mesophyll of the leaves, inside the chloroplasts. • Chloroplasts contain disc-shaped structures called thylakoids, which contain the pigment chlorophyll. • Chlorophyll absorbs certain portions of the visible spectrum and captures energy from sunlight. Key Terms • chloroplast: An organelle found in the cells of green plants and photosynthetic algae where photosynthesis takes place. • mesophyll: A layer of cells that comprises most of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis. • stoma: A pore in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used for gaseous exchange. Overview of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a multi-step process that requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water as substrates. It produces oxygen and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P or GA3P), simple carbohydrate molecules that are high in energy and can subsequently be converted into glucose, sucrose, or other sugar molecules. These sugar molecules contain covalent bonds that store energy. Organisms break down these molecules to release energy for use in cellular work. Figure: Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis uses solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water ...

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Plants and other photosynthetic organisms are experts at collecting solar energy, thanks to the light-absorbing pigment molecules in their leaves. But what happens to the light energy that is absorbed? We don’t see plant leaves glowing like light bulbs, but we also know that energy can't just disappear (thanks to the In this article, we'll explore the light-dependent reactions as they take place during photosynthesis in plants. We'll trace how light energy is absorbed by pigment molecules, how reaction center pigments pass excited electrons to an electron transport chain, and how the energetically "downhill" flow of electrons leads to synthesis of ATP and NADPH. These molecules store energy for use in the next stage of photosynthesis: the When light is absorbed by one of the pigments in photosystem II, energy is passed inward from pigment to pigment until it reaches the reaction center. There, energy is transferred to P680, boosting an electron to a high energy level (forming P680*). The high-energy electron is passed to an acceptor molecule and replaced with an electron from water. This splitting of water releases the O 2 \text O_2 O 2 ​ start text, O, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript we breathe. The basic equation for water splitting can be written as H 2 O → 1 2 O 2 + 2 H + \text H_2\text O \rightarrow \frac \text O_2 + 2 \text H^+ H 2 ​ O → 2 1 ​ O 2 ​ + 2 H + start text, H, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript, start text, O, end text, right arrow, s...

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\( \newcommand\) • • • • • What is photosynthesis? The process of using the energy in sunlight to make food (glucose). Is it really as simple as that? Of course not. As you have seen, photosynthesis includes many steps all conveniently condensed into one simple equation. In the five concepts describing photosynthesis, this process has been presented in an introductory fashion. Obviously, much more details could have been included, though those are beyond the scope of these concepts. Summary The following 10 points summarize photosynthesis. • 6CO 2 + 6H 2O + Light Energy → C 6H 12O 6 + 6O 2 • Autotrophs store chemical energy in carbohydrate food molecules they build themselves. Most autotrophs make their "food" through photosynthesis using the energy of the sun. • Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, an organelle specific to plant cells. • The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. • Electron carrier molecules are arranged in electron transport chains that produce ATP and NADPH, which temporarily store chemical energy. • The light reactions capture energy from sunlight, which they change to chemical energy that is stored in molecules of NADPH and ATP. • The light reactions also release oxygen gas as a waste product. • The reactions of the Calvin cycle add carbon (from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) to a simple five-carbon molecule called RuBP. • The Calvin cycle reactions use chemical energy from NADPH and ATP that wer...

Have you hugged a tree lately? If not, you might want to give it some thought. You, along with the rest of the human population, owe your existence to plants and other organisms that capture light. In fact, most life on Earth is possible because the sun provides a continuous supply of energy to ecosystems. Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of sugars. In a process driven by light energy, glucose molecules (or other sugars) are constructed from water and carbon dioxide, and oxygen is released as a byproduct. The glucose molecules provide organisms with two crucial resources: energy and fixed—organic—carbon. Fixed carbon. Carbon from carbon dioxide—inorganic carbon—can be incorporated into organic molecules; this process is called carbon fixation, and the carbon in organic molecules is also known as fixed carbon. The carbon that's fixed and incorporated into sugars during photosynthesis can be used to build other types of organic molecules needed by cells. Photosynthetic organisms, including plants, algae, and some bacteria, play a key ecological role. They introduce chemical energy and fixed carbon into ecosystems by using light to synthesize sugars. Since these organisms produce their own food—that is, fix their own carbon—using light energy, they are called photoautotrophs (literally, self-feeders that use light). Besides introducing fixed carbon and energy into ecosystems, photosynthesis also affects the makeup...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • In multicellular autotrophs, the main cellular structures that allow photosynthesis to take place include chloroplasts, thylakoids, and chlorophyll. Key Points • The chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2.6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2. • In plants, the process of photosynthesis takes place in the mesophyll of the leaves, inside the chloroplasts. • Chloroplasts contain disc-shaped structures called thylakoids, which contain the pigment chlorophyll. • Chlorophyll absorbs certain portions of the visible spectrum and captures energy from sunlight. Key Terms • chloroplast: An organelle found in the cells of green plants and photosynthetic algae where photosynthesis takes place. • mesophyll: A layer of cells that comprises most of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis. • stoma: A pore in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used for gaseous exchange. Overview of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a multi-step process that requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water as substrates. It produces oxygen and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P or GA3P), simple carbohydrate molecules that are high in energy and can subsequently be converted into glucose, sucrose, or other sugar molecules. These sugar molecules contain covalent bonds that store energy. Organisms break down these molecules to release energy for use in cellular work. Figure: Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis uses solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water ...

Plants and other photosynthetic organisms are experts at collecting solar energy, thanks to the light-absorbing pigment molecules in their leaves. But what happens to the light energy that is absorbed? We don’t see plant leaves glowing like light bulbs, but we also know that energy can't just disappear (thanks to the In this article, we'll explore the light-dependent reactions as they take place during photosynthesis in plants. We'll trace how light energy is absorbed by pigment molecules, how reaction center pigments pass excited electrons to an electron transport chain, and how the energetically "downhill" flow of electrons leads to synthesis of ATP and NADPH. These molecules store energy for use in the next stage of photosynthesis: the When light is absorbed by one of the pigments in photosystem II, energy is passed inward from pigment to pigment until it reaches the reaction center. There, energy is transferred to P680, boosting an electron to a high energy level (forming P680*). The high-energy electron is passed to an acceptor molecule and replaced with an electron from water. This splitting of water releases the O 2 \text O_2 O 2 ​ start text, O, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript we breathe. The basic equation for water splitting can be written as H 2 O → 1 2 O 2 + 2 H + \text H_2\text O \rightarrow \frac \text O_2 + 2 \text H^+ H 2 ​ O → 2 1 ​ O 2 ​ + 2 H + start text, H, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript, start text, O, end text, right arrow, s...

Structure Function Cell wall The outside of the cell which provides support and prevents the cell from bursting from the uptake of water. Cell membrane A selectively permeable membrane surrounding the cell that controls the entry and exit of materials. Nucleus The control centre of the cell. It controls what happens inside the cell and holds instructions needed to make new cells. The plural of nucleus is nuclei. Cytoplasm The living substance inside a cell. Cell reactions happen here. Chloroplasts Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps light energy to make food during photosynthesis Vacuole A space within the cytoplasm of plant cells that contains cell sap. Plants get carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves, and water from the ground through their roots. Light energy comes from the Sun. The oxygen produced is released into the air from the leaves. The glucose produced can be turned into other substances, such as starch and plant oils, which are used as an energy store. The glucose is also used to release energy through the process of respiration. Photosynthesis is really important for animals, including humans because • without photosynthesis we wouldn’t have food because it converts energy from the sun into chemical energy for the food chains. • photosynthesis keeps the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in balance – without it we would very quickly run out of oxygen. Photosynthesis is really important for the plant because it provide...