Plant cell class 9

•The smallest functional unit of life is cell, discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. A cell can independently perform all necessary activities to sustain life. Hence cell is the basic unit of life. There are two types of cells → plant cell and animal cell. The different cell organelles and their functions are as follows: 1.Plasma/Cell membrane: This is the outermost covering of the cell that separates the contents of the cell from its external environment. The plasma membrane allows or permits the entry and exit of some materials in and out of the cell so the cell membrane is called a selectively permeable membrane. Some substances like CO 2 or O 2 gases can move across the cell membrane by a process called diffusion. The movement of water molecules (liquid) through such a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis. Osmosis is the passage ot water from a region of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. If the medium surrounding the cell has a higher water concentration than the cell, the cell will gain water by osmosis. Such a solution is known as hypotonic solution. If the medium has exactly the same water concentration as the cell, there will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane. Such a solution is known as isotonic solution. If the medium has a lower water concentration then the cell will lose water by osmosis. Such a solution is known as hypertonic solution. 2.Cell wall (Protective wall): P...

Eukaryotic cells found in plants differ significantly from those seen in other eukaryotic organisms in a number of significant ways. Animal and plant cells both have a nucleus and comparable organelles. The existence of a cell wall outside the cell membrane is one of the distinguishing characteristics of a plant cell. Comparatively larger and rectangular than the animal cell is the plant cell. Despite the fact that both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic and share several cell organelles, plant cells are very different from animal cells in that they serve diverse purposes. When the cells are analyzed using an electron microscope, some of these variations may be clearly understood. Cell Wall The polysaccharides cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose make up this hard layer. Outside the cell membrane is where it is found. Additionally, it contains polymers like lignin, cutin, and suberin as well as glycoproteins. The protection and support of the cell are the main purposes of the cell wall. The plant cell wall also helps provide the cell form and structure while defending it from mechanical stress. Additionally, it filters molecules that enter and exit the system. Microtubules direct the cell wall’s development. It has three layers: a middle lamella, a secondary lamella, and a primary lamella. Enzymes lay down cellulose to create the main cell wall. Cell Membrane The cell wall contains a membrane that is semi-permeable. A thin coating of protein and fat makes up its structu...

The Fundamental Unit of Life MCQ Questions Class 9 Science Chapter 5 NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life. The Fundamental Unit of Life MCQ Questions with Answers from Class 9 Science Biology. The Fundamental Unit of Life MCQ Questions Class 9 Science Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Class 9 Science Chapter 5 PDF is available. 1.) Basic unit of living body a) Small room b) Tissue c) Hairs d) Cell ANS-Cell 2.) ………………. Is not unicellular organism a) Cactus b) Chlamydomonas c) Paramecium d) Bacteria ANS-Cactus 3.) ………………Is not multicellular organism a) Human b) Plant c) Amoeba d) Cactus ANS-Amoeba 4.) Every multicellular organism has originated from……….. a) Human b) Single cell c) Bacteria d) Tissue ANS-Single cell 5.) ……………. Cell is not found in human body a) Blood b) Nerve c) Fat d) Electro ANS-Electro 6.) Shape and size of cell are depend on their……………. a) Texture b) Shape c) Function d) chemical ANS-Function 7.) Human body is originated from…………… a) mother b) Stomach of mother c) Single cell d) None of them ANS-Single cell 8.) Each cell has certain specific component within it known as …………………… a) Cell body b) Cytoplasm c) Cell organelles d) None of them ANS-Cell organelles 9.) Cell is seen under………………. a) Stethoscope b) Thermometer c) Microscope d) None of them ANS-Microscope 10.) ……………………. Is cell organelle a) Amoeba b) Bacteria c) Cytoplasm d) Plasmodium ANS-Cytoplasm 11.) Outermost ...

Hint: Plant cell has cell wall whereas cell wall is absent in an animal cell. The chloroplast is present only in plant cells. Plant cells contain large central vacuoles whereas animal cells contain numerous small vacuoles. Plants are autotrophic whereas animals are heterotrophic. Complete answer: Plant cell is the structural and functional unit of plants. It is rectangular in shape and larger in size than an animal cell. Components of Plant cell are- 1. Cell wall: It is the outermost layer made up of proteins, cellulose, and polysaccharides. The main function is to protect the cell and to provide structural support to the cell. It also guides the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. 2. Cell Membrane: It is a semi-permeable layer present inside the cell wall. It is composed of fats and proteins. The main function is to filter the movement of molecules across the cell. 3. Nucleus: The nucleus is bound by a nuclear membrane perforated by a nuclear pore. The inside nucleus is the nucleolus and nuclear membrane. The main function of the nucleus is the storage of DNA. 4. Cell organelles: a.Mitochondria: It is a double membrane-bound organelle and is known as the powerhouse of the cell as it provides ATP. b.Ribosomes Membrane-bound organelle and are protein factories of the cell. c. Golgi apparatus: Packaging and transport of macromolecules to the other cells. d. Lysosomes: Membrane-bound organelle and their main function is the removal of worn-out organelles and other w...

Topics in the Chapter • Introduction • The cell theory → Types of organisms → Types of cells • Difference between Animal cell and Plant cell • Diffusion • Osmosis • Hypotonic or Hypertonic or Isotonic solution • Plasma membrane or Cell membrane → Properties of Plasma membrane →Functions of Plasma membrane • Cell Wall → Function of Cell Wall • Plasmolysis • Nucleus → Composition of Nucleus → Functions of Nucleus • Nucleoid •Cytoplasm →Function of Cytoplasm • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) → Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum → Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum • Golgi Apparatus → Function of Golgi Body • Lysosomes → Functions of Lysosomes • Mitochondria → Structure of mitochondria → Functions of mitochondria • Plastids → Structure of Plastids → Function of Plastids • Vacuoles → Functions of vacuoles Introduction • Cell is the structural and functional unit of life. It is the basic unit of life. • It is discovered by Robert Hook in 1831 in cork slice with the help of primitive microscope. • Leeuwenhoek (1674), discovered the free living cells in pond water with the improved microscope. • Robert Brown discovered the nucleus in the cell in 1831. • Purkinje coined the term ‘protoplasm’ for the fluid substance of the cell in 1839. The cell theory • The theory that all the plants and animals are composed of cells and the cell is the basic unit of life, was presented by two biologists, Schleiden and Schwann. • The cell theory was further expanded by Virchow by suggesting that all cells a...

Welcome to Class 9 The Fundamental Unit Of Life notes Notes for Chapter 15.The topics in this page are Discovery of cell ,Cell Theory,Shape, size and number of cells,Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells,Structure of cell, Cell Membrane,Cell Wall,Cell organelles and Nucleus. This is according to CBSE and the NCERT textbook. If you like the study material, feel free to share the link as much as possible. Table Of Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • Introduction • The body of all organisms is made up of tiny microscopic units called cell. • The cell is a fundamental, structural and functional unit of living organisms and basic unit of life. • All living organisms are made up of cells. Cells make tissues, tissues together make organ, organs make organ system and organ systems make body of organisms. So cell is called structural unit of life. • All the basic functions of the body like respiration, excretion etc. are carried out by cell through its cell organelles, so cell is called functional unit of life. • Cell biology is the study of cells in all aspects of structure and functions. Discovery of cell: • Cell was first discovered by Robert Hook in 1665. He observed the cell in a cork slice with the help of a primitive microscope. • Anton Von Leeuwenhoek (1674) was the first to observe free cells, like bacteria, protozoa, red blood cells and sperms in his home made microscope. • The cell theory, that all the plants and animals are composed of cells and that the cel...

Class 9 Science Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers The Fundamental Unit of Life Extra Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life with Answers Solutions The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type Question 1. What process is involved in the movement of O 2 in and out of the cell? Answer: Diffusion. Question 2. Which process is involved in the movement of water from outside into the cell? Answer: Osmosis. Question 3. Mention the process by which CO 2 and water move in and out of the cell. Answer: Movement of CO 2 occurs by diffusion whereas that of water occurs by osmosis. Question 4. Who discovered cells in living organisms? Give an example of a unicellular organism. Answer: A.V. Leeuwenhoek observed the.cells in living organisms. Example of a unicellular organism is Amoeba, Paramoecium, etc. Question 5. Give two examples of prokaryotic organisms. Answer: All the bacteria and cyanobacteria are prokaryotic. Example: Nostoc, Oscillatoria, etc. Question 6. Name the plastid which stores starch, oils and protein granules. Answer: Leucoplast Question 7. List the constituents of plasma membrane. Answer: The plasma membrane is composed of lipids and proteins. Question 8. Where do lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised? Answer: The lipids are synthesised in smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the proteins are synthesised in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Question 9. Name two unicellul...