Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder ( PMDD) is a Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Other names Late luteal phase dysphoric disorder Severe mood swings, Usual onset Can occur anytime during reproductive years Duration 6 days – 3 weeks of cycle Causes Likely neuro-sensitivity to reproductive hormones Family history, history of violence/trauma, smoking, presence of other mental health disorders Based on symptoms & criteria Treatment Medication, Excellent Frequency Up to about 8% of menstruating women The exact cause of PMDD is currently unknown. However, because the symptoms are only present during ovulatory cycles and resolve after menses, it is believed to be caused by fluctuations in gonadal In 2017, researchers at the Some studies have suggested that those with PMDD are more at risk of developing First line treatment for PMDD is with Contents • 1 Signs and symptoms • 2 Epidemiology • 3 Pathophysiology • 3.1 Genetic factors • 3.2 Risk factors • 3.3 Relationship to pregnancy and menopause • 3.4 Mental health comorbidities in PMDD • 3.5 Suicidality in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder • 4 Diagnosis • 4.1 DSM-5 • 4.2 ICD 11 • 4.3 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the International Society for the Study of Premenstrual Disorders • 4.4 Differential diagnosis • 5 Treatment • 5.1 Medication • 5.2 Antidepressant treatment • 5.3 Anxiolytics • 5.4 Psychotherapy • 5.5 Hormonal treatment • 5.6 Surgical menopause • 5.7 Adjunctive and alternative treatments • 6 History • 7 Re...

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) refers to a group of emotional and physical symptoms that starts a week or two before your period. PMDD is similar to If you tend to have to have severe PMS symptoms that interrupt your daily life, you may have PMDD. Read on to learn more about its symptoms and how it’s treated. Typically, PMDD symptoms start within 7 to 10 days of the start of your period, though they may start a little earlier or later. Similar to PMS, PMDD has both emotional and physical symptoms. But you may have more emotional symptoms than physical ones, or vice versa. Emotional symptoms of PMDD can include: • agitation or nervousness • anger • crying spells • feeling out of control • forgetfulness • loss of interest in activities and relationships • irritability • moodiness • panic attacks • paranoia • sadness • thoughts of suicide Physical symptoms of PMDD can include: • acne • back pain • bloating • breast swelling and tenderness • gastrointestinal issues, including constipation, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting • cramps • dizziness • headache • heart palpitations • appetite changes • joint or muscle pain • muscle spasms • painful periods • reduced sex drive These symptoms, especially the emotional ones, can take a big toll on your daily life, getting in the way of work, school, or relationships. They tend to go away on their own once your period starts, only to return after the next time you ovulate. Experts are still trying to figure out the underlying cause o...

What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a much more severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It may affect women of childbearing age. It’s a severe and chronic medical condition that needs attention and treatment. Lifestyle changes and sometimes medicines can help manage symptoms. What causes PMDD?The exact cause of PMDD is not known. It may be an abnormal reaction to normal hormone changes that happen with each menstrual cycle. The hormone changes can cause a serotonin deficiency. Serotonin is a substance found naturally in the brain and intestines that narrows blood vessels and can affect mood and cause physical symptoms. What are the risk factors for PMDD? While any woman can develop PMDD, the following may be at increased risk: • Women with a family history of PMS or PMDD • Women with a personal or family history of depression, postpartum depression, or other mood disorders Other possible risk factors include lower education and cigarette smoking Talk with yourhealthcare providerfor more information. What are the symptoms of PMDD? Symptoms of PMDD appear during the week before menstruation and end within a few days after your period starts. These symptoms disrupt daily living tasks. Symptoms of PMDD are so severe that women have trouble functioning at home, at work, and in relationships during this time. This is markedly different than other times during the month. The following are the most common symptoms of PMDD: P...

Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense. Still, you don't have to let these problems control your life. Treatments and lifestyle adjustments can help you reduce or manage the signs and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Symptoms The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems. Emotional and behavioral signs and symptoms • Tension or anxiety • Depressed mood • Crying spells • Mood swings and irritability or anger • Appetite changes and food cravings • Trouble falling asleep (insomnia) • Social withdrawal • Poor concentration • Change in libido Physical signs and symptoms • Joint or muscle pain • Headache • Fatigue • Weight gain related to fluid retention • Abdominal bloating • Breast tenderness • Acne flare-ups • Constipation or diarrhea • Alcohol intolerance For some, the physical pain and emotional stress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. Regardless of symptom severity, the signs and symptoms generally disappear within four days after the start of the menstrual period for most women. But a small number of women with premenstrual syndrome have disabling symptoms every month. This form of PMS is called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD signs and symptoms include depression, mood swings, anger, anxiety, feeling overwhelm...

In both PMDD and PMS, symptoms usually begin seven to 10 days before your period starts and continue for the first few days of your period. Both PMDD and PMS may cause bloating, breast tenderness, fatigue, and changes in sleep and eating habits. In PMDD, however, at least one of these emotional and behavioral symptoms stands out: • Sadness or hopelessness • Anxiety or tension • Extreme moodiness • Marked irritability or anger The cause of PMDD isn't clear. Underlying depression and anxiety are common in both PMS and PMDD, so it's possible that the hormonal changes that trigger a menstrual period worsen the symptoms of mood disorders. Treatment of PMDD is directed at preventing or minimizing symptoms and may include: • Antidepressants. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, others) and sertraline (Zoloft), may reduce emotional symptoms, fatigue, food cravings and sleep problems. You can reduce symptoms of PMDD by taking SSRIs all month or only during the interval between ovulation and the start of your period. • Birth control pills. Taking birth control pills with no pill-free interval or with a shortened pill-free interval may reduce PMS and PMDD symptoms. • Nutritional supplements. Consuming 1,200 milligrams of calcium daily may possibly reduce symptoms of PMS and PMDD. Vitamin B-6, magnesium and L-tryptophan also may help, but talk with your doctor for advice before taking any supplements. • Herbal remedies. Some research su...

People with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) have PMS symptoms (bloating, headaches and breast tenderness) in the weeks before their period. But PMDD also causes severe anxiety, depression and mood changes. Some people with PMDD become suicidal. Hormonal birth control and antidepressants can relieve symptoms. Overview What is PMDD? Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more serious form of With PMDD, you might have PMS symptoms along with extreme irritability, anxiety or depression. These symptoms improve within a few days after your period starts, but they can be severe enough to interfere with your life. How common is this condition? PMDD affects up to 10% of women or people assigned female at birth (AFAB) of reproductive age. Symptoms and Causes What are the symptoms of PMDD? Symptoms of PMDD vary by individual. They tend to appear a week or two before menstruation and go away within a few days of your period starting. In addition to PMS symptoms like cramping and bloating, you may have: • Anger or irritability. • Feeling on edge, overwhelmed or tense. • Anxiety and • Depression and • Difficulty concentrating. • • Food cravings, • • • Mood swings. For some people, symptoms of PMDD last until menopause. What causes PMDD? Experts don’t know why some people get PMDD. Decreasing levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones after What are the risk factors for PMDD? You may be more prone to PMDD if you have: • • PMS. • Family history of PMS, PMDD or • Personal his...

Most women experience some degree of emotional or physical discomfort a few days before and just after their menstrual period begins each month. However, some women of childbearing age experience premenstrual symptoms that are so severe they cause significant mental distress and interfere with work, school, or relationships — thereby meeting the criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder, or PMDD. PMDD can disrupt a woman's life and relationships so completely, she may even consider Key points • Antidepressants that slow the reuptake of • These drugs alleviate the symptoms of PMDD more quickly than those of major depression, which means that women don't necessarily have to take the drugs every day. • Hormone therapies provide additional options but are generally considered second-line treatments. • Some dietary and lifestyle changes may also help relieve symptoms. PMDD Risk factors and diagnosis Brain areas that regulate emotion and behavior are studded with receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and other sex hormones. These hormones affect the functioning of neurotransmitter systems that influence mood and thinking — and in this way may trigger PMDD. But it's not clear why some women are more sensitive than others. Genetic vulnerability likely contributes. Other risk factors for developing PMDD include stress, being overweight or obese, and a past history of trauma or sexual abuse. Also, it's important to rule out other conditions that cause symptoms similar to PMDD, su...