Properties of nuclear force class 12

\( \newcommand\) No headers In this part of the course we want to study the structure of nuclei. This in turns will give us insight on the energies and forces that bound nuclei together and thus of the phenomena (that we’ll study later on) that can break them apart or create them. In order to study the nuclear structure we need to know the constituents of nuclei (the nucleons, that is, protons and neutrons) and treat them as QM objects. From the point of view of QM as we studied until now, we want first to know what is the state of the system (at equilibrium). Thus we want to solve the time-independent Schrödinger equation. This will give us the energy levels of the nuclei. The exact nature of the forces that keep together the nucleus constituents are the study of quantum chromodynamics, that describes and look for the source of the strong interaction, one of the four fundamental interactions, along with gravitation, the electromagnetic force and the weak interaction. This theory is well-beyond this course. Here we want only to point out some of the properties of the nucleon-nucleon interaction: • At short distances is stronger than the Coulomb force: we know that nuclei comprise tightly packed protons, thus to keep these protons together the nuclear force has to beat the Coulomb repulsion. • The nuclear force is short range. This is supported by the fact that interactions among e.g. two nuclei in a molecule are only dictated by the Coulomb force and no longer by the nucle...

In this article, we will discuss, what is nuclear force, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force. What are the properties or characteristics of nuclear force? What are the examples of nuclear force? What are the ranges of nuclear force and meson theory of nuclear forces and yukawa theory of nuclear forces. So let’s see…. Table of contents What is nuclear force? The nuclear force (or nucleon–nucleon interaction, residual strong force, or, well founded, strong nuclear force) is force/speed that function/acts between the protons and neutrons of atoms. Neutrons and protons, each nucleon, are contrived by the nuclear force nearly identically. The meaning of nuclear in tamil is “அணு Anu” Definition: The force with which the nucleons leap jointly/together is known as nuclear force. It is the strong attractive force that binds the nucleons jointly/together. The nuclear force is the force that ties up the protons and neutrons in a nucleus cooperatively. This force can survive between protons and protons, neutrons and protons or neutrons and neutrons. This force is what grasps the nucleus together. The charge of protons, which is +1e tends to move them elsewhere from each other with a strong electric field repulsive force, following Coulomb’s law. Even so, nuclear force is strong sufficient to keep them together and to defeat that resistance at short range. Example of nuclear force: The most apparent example of Nuclear Force, as considered premature, is the binding of protons, whic...

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the composition and size of an atomic nucleus • Use a nuclear symbol to express the composition of an atomic nucleus • Explain why the number of neutrons is greater than protons in heavy nuclei • Calculate the atomic mass of an element given its isotopes The atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons ( ( + e ) , ( + e ) , and neutrons carry no charge. These particles are packed together into an extremely small space at the center of an atom. According to scattering experiments, the nucleus is spherical or ellipsoidal in shape, and about 1/100,000th the size of a hydrogen atom. If an atom were the size of a major league baseball stadium, the nucleus would be roughly the size of the baseball. Protons and neutrons within the nucleus are called nucleons. Figure 10.2 The atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. Protons are shown in blue, and neutrons are shown in red. Counts of Nucleons The number of protons in the nucleus is given by the atomic number, Z. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is the neutron number, N. The total number of nucleons is the mass number, A. These numbers are related by 10.2 where X represents the chemical element, A is the mass number, and Z is the atomic number. For example, 6 12 C 6 12 C represents the carbon nucleus with six protons and six neutrons (or 12 nucleons). A graph of the number N of neutrons versus the number Z of protons for a range of ...

Solution (a) Characteristic properties of nuclear forces are : (i) The nuclear forces are neither gravitational nor electrostatic as the former is too weak to hold nucleus together while the latter will blow it apart. (ii) They become negligible for distances greater than gf( 1 fermi = 10 − 15 m (iii) They do not follow inverse square law. They are short range, strong attractive forces. (b) N/A Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separations. Mark the regions where the nuclear force is (i) attractive and (ii) repulsive. Write any two characteristic features of nuclear forces. OR Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. Write two important conclusions which you can draw regarding the nature of nuclear forces. (a) Draw the plot of binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) as a function of mass number A. Write two important conclusions that can be drawn regarding the nature of nuclear force. (b) Use this graph to explain the release of energy in both the processes of nuclear fusion and fission. (c) Write the basic nuclear process of neutron undergoing β-decay. Why is the detection of neutrinos found very difficult ?