Prophylaxis meaning

/ˈproʊfəˌlæksəs/ Prophylaxis refers to all the things people do to prevent disease. Prophylaxis is part of medicine. If you've ever heard of someone using prophylactics to prevent a disease — often a sexually transmitted disease — then you have a clue to the meaning of prophylaxis, which refers to the prevention of disease. Anything you do to stay healthy and keep illness at bay would be categorized as prophylaxis. Antibiotic prophylaxis refers to giving patients antibiotics to prevent a bacterial infection, instead of curing an infection that already exists.

• Overview   • • Theory   • Epidemiology • Aetiology • Case history • Diagnosis   • Approach • History and exam • Investigations • Management   • Approach • Treatment algorithm • Emerging • Prevention • Patient discussions • Follow up   • Monitoring • Complications • Prognosis • Resources   • Guidelines • • Patient leaflets • Evidence Thromboprophylaxis is the most important patient safety strategy in patients admitted to hospital. Pulmonary embolism remains the leading cause of preventable in-hospital death. The risk of venous thrombosis in patients admitted to hospital depends on medical versus surgical admission and, among surgical patients, the type of surgery. Evaluating venous thromboembolic risk factors within these patient groups helps further stratify the thrombotic risk. Bleeding risk and possible contraindication to anti-thrombotic agents must be assessed before instituting thromboprophylaxis. Although national and international thromboprophylaxis guidelines have repeatedly recommended thromboprophylaxis of patients admitted to hospital, only 40% to 50% of medical patients and 60% to 75% of surgical patients receive adequate thromboprophylaxis. Computer-based decision systems and pre-printed orders are most effective in optimising physician adherence to thromboprophylaxis guidelines. Periodic audits by pharmacists or other health professionals reinforce the consistent use of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Definition Venous thromboembolism (VTE) ...

About antibiotic prophylaxis Antibiotic prophylaxis is the use of antibiotics before surgery or a dental procedure to prevent a bacterial infection. This practice isn’t as widespread as it was even 10 years ago. This is due to: • the increase in the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics • the change in bacteria that cause infections • improvements in technology that can detect infections However, antibiotic prophylaxis is still used in people who have certain risk factors for bacterial infection. Professional • surgeries for head and neck cancer • gastrointestinal surgeries • cesarean delivery • surgeries for implanting a device, such as a pacemaker or defibrillator • cardiac procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafts, valve replacements, and heart replacements The most common antibiotics used before surgeries are cephalosporins, such as cefazolin and cefuroxime. Your doctor may prescribe vancomycin if you are allergic to cephalosporins. They may also prescribe it if antibiotic resistance is a problem. For dental procedures, your doctor will likely prescribe People who may need antibiotic prophylaxis usually have factors that put them at higher risk of infection during surgery than the general population. These factors include: • very young or very old age • poor nutrition • obesity • diabetes • smoking, including a history of smoking • existing infection, even at a different site from where the surgery will be done • recent surgery • extended hospital stay before th...

According to the In medical terms, options that work to prevent migraine are also referred to as migraine prophylaxis. Some medications and treatments used as prophylactics can help reduce the frequency and severity of these headaches. In this article, we explore the most common treatment options for migraine prevention, including what the research says about how effective these options are for preventing chronic migraine. Angiotensin blockers are medications that prevent the production or uptake of angiotensin, a hormone that causes the blood vessels to narrow. Angiotensin blockers may include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or Effectiveness In one In another Side effects Common side effects of angiotensin blockers may include: • cough • dizziness • fatigue • lightheadedness • gastrointestinal symptoms As migraine prophylaxis, it can take weeks for ACE inhibitors and ARBs to show long-term benefits. Anticonvulsant drugs, also known as Anticonvulsant drugs may include narrow-spectrum AEDs for specific types of seizures or broad-spectrum AEDs for multiple seizures. Effectiveness According to a Side effects Common side effects of AEDs may include: • rash • fatigue • increased energy • gastrointestinal symptoms • • weight gain • hair loss Anticonvulsants typically begin working immediately, but for migraine prophylaxis, it can take 4 to 8 weeks to see results. Antidepressant medications commonly include Effectiveness In an early A more recent Side effects Commo...

Determining treatment intensity for factor prophylaxis requires estimating bleeding risk, which informs the choice of target trough level, as well as understanding the response to factor replacement therapy, which is determined by the factor product infused and the patient’s individual pharmacokinetics. Determining treatment intensity for factor prophylaxis requires estimating bleeding risk, which informs the choice of target trough level, as well as understanding the response to factor replacement therapy, which is determined by the factor product infused and the patient’s individual pharmacokinetics. Close modal Although achieving a target trough level of 1% reduces bleeding significantly, it does not eliminate bleeding events in all patients. Accordingly, determining the best target trough level for an individual patient is a challenge routinely faced by clinicians. Prior to this study by Klamroth et al, much of our knowledge of the benefit from higher trough levels was derived from modeling Although useful and commendable for its randomized design, this study is not able to answer what trough level is best. Should the trough level be 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, or 15%? Many participants (42%) treated with the target trough level of 1% to 3% had no bleeding events during the study period, but some (38%) continued to have bleeding events despite higher target trough levels. Perhaps, the right answer is the trough level at which the patient does not bleed while performing their usua...

opioids, sedative antihistamines and neuroleptics) 7 Thromboprophylaxis Given thromboprophylaxis; low-molecular-weight heparin and compression stockings 8 Antibiotic prophylaxis Given antibiotic prophylaxis before skin incision 9 Regional anaesthesia Anaesthetic procedure that allows rapid awakening, adequate analgesia and patient recovery. Other study stated that AF patients at high risk for stroke and with less susceptibility for bleeding who are received inadequate levels of thromboprophylaxis treatment need great effort by different health-care sectors to evaluate and assess their treatment pattern and measure the net clinical benefit of the therapy outcomes.

Antibiotics are well known for their ability to treat infections. But some antibiotics also are prescribed to prevent infections. This usually is done only in certain situations or for people with particular medical problems. For example, people with abnormal heart valves have a high risk of developing heart valve infections after even minor surgery. This happens because bacteria from other parts of the body get into the bloodstream during surgery and travel to the heart valves. To prevent these infections, people with heart valve problems often take antibiotics before having any kind of surgery, including dental surgery. Among the drugs used for antibiotic prophylaxis are amoxicillin (a type of penicillin) and fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and trovafloxacin (Trovan). These drugs are available only with a physician's prescription and come in tablet, capsule, liquid, and injectable forms. Recommended dosage The recommended dosage depends on the type of antibiotic prescribed and the reason it is being used. For the correct dosage, check with the physician or dentist who prescribed the medicine or the pharmacist who filled the prescription. Be sure to take the medicine exactly as prescribed. Do not take more or less than directed, and take the medicine only for as long as the physician or dentist says to take it. Precautions If the medicine causes nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, check with the physician or dentist who prescribed it as soon as possible. Patient...