Punjabi

• Afrikaans • العربية • Azərbaycanca • تۆرکجه • বাংলা • Беларуская • Български • Deutsch • Ελληνικά • Español • Esperanto • Euskara • فارسی • Français • Gaeilge • ગુજરાતી • 한국어 • Hausa • Հայերեն • हिन्दी • Hrvatski • Bahasa Indonesia • Italiano • ქართული • Қазақша • Кыргызча • Lietuvių • മലയാളം • مصرى • Bahasa Melayu • ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ • Minangkabau • Nederlands • 日本語 • Norsk bokmål • Norsk nynorsk • ਪੰਜਾਬੀ • پنجابی • پښتو • Polski • Русский • Simple English • سنڌي • کوردی • Српски / srpski • Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски • Suomi • தமிழ் • Татарча / tatarça • తెలుగు • ไทย • Тоҷикӣ • Українська • اردو • Tiếng Việt • Zazaki • 中文 Punjabis of Total population 150 million Regions with significant populations 108,586,959 (2022) 37,520,211 (2022) 942,170 (2021) 700,000 (2006) 253,740 132,496 (2017) 56,400 (2019) 50,000 (2016) 34,227 (2018) 24,000 (2013) 23,700 (2019) 18,000 (2020) 10,000 (2019) Others See Languages Majority: Minority: (in Pakistan) and (in India) Religion Majority Minority Majority Minority Majority Minority Related ethnic groups Other Part of • v • t • e The Punjabis ( پنجابی ( ( Panjābī), The Punjab (Five rivers) in The coalescence of the various tribes, castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab region into a broader common "Punjabi" identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE. Traditionally, the Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic, geographical and cultural. Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion and refers to those who reside ...

Languages & Alphabets Standardization In spite of Punjabi’s very large numbers of speakers and rich traditions of popular poetry, the standardization of the language was historically Punjabi in India The partition of the subcontinent in 1947 along religious lines was marked by particular violence in Punjab, where Adi Granth, in 1604. Furthermore, Sikh writers were mainly responsible for developing Punjabi as a modern standard language, and the Sikh political leadership in 1966 finally achieved the goal of an This officially recognized Indian Punjabi is generally taken as standard in descriptions of the language. There is a significant degree of mutual intelligibility with Hindi and Urdu, although the three languages are sharply akshi ‘eye’ becomes MIA akkhi and Punjabi akkh, versus Hindi-Urdu aankh. Phonetically, the most prominent distinctive feature of standard Punjabi is the realization of historical ghora ‘horse’ appears in Punjabi as k’òra (with glottal constriction and low-rising tone) and Hindi-Urdu rah ‘way’ as Punjabi rá (with high-falling tone). Punjabi in Pakistan In Pakistan the general maintenance of the historical preference for Urdu has stood in the way of those who looked to achieve an increased status for Punjabi, albeit in a form more obviously influenced in its script and vocabulary by Urdu and so itself somewhat different from standard Indian Punjabi. Since Pakistan’s Punjab is much larger and less Hir (1766; also spelled Heer).

• Acèh • Afrikaans • አማርኛ • अंगिका • العربية • অসমীয়া • Asturianu • अवधी • Azərbaycanca • تۆرکجه • বাংলা • Bân-lâm-gú • Беларуская • Беларуская (тарашкевіца) • भोजपुरी • Български • བོད་ཡིག • Brezhoneg • Català • Cebuano • Čeština • Cymraeg • Dansk • Deutsch • ދިވެހިބަސް • डोटेली • Eesti • Ελληνικά • Español • Esperanto • Euskara • فارسی • Fiji Hindi • Français • ગુજરાતી • गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni • 한국어 • Hausa • Հայերեն • हिन्दी • Hrvatski • বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী • Bahasa Indonesia • Interlingua • Ирон • Íslenska • Italiano • עברית • ಕನ್ನಡ • Kapampangan • ქართული • कॉशुर / کٲشُر • Kiswahili • Ladin • Latina • Latviešu • Lietuvių • Magyar • मैथिली • Македонски • Malagasy • മലയാളം • मराठी • მარგალური • Bahasa Melayu • 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ • Монгол • Nederlands • नेपाली • नेपाल भाषा • 日本語 • Нохчийн • Nordfriisk • Norsk bokmål • Norsk nynorsk • Occitan • ଓଡ଼ିଆ • Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча • ਪੰਜਾਬੀ • پنجابی • پښتو • Polski • Português • Română • Русский • संस्कृतम् • ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ • Scots • සිංහල • Simple English • سنڌي • Slovenčina • Slovenščina • کوردی • Српски / srpski • Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски • Suomi • Svenska • Tagalog • தமிழ் • Татарча / tatarça • తెలుగు • ไทย • Тоҷикӣ • ತುಳು • Türkçe • Українська • اردو • Vèneto • Tiếng Việt • Winaray • 吴语 • Yorùbá • 粵語 • 中文 See also: Ancient period [ ] The Punjab region is noted as the site of one of the earliest urban societies, the Fauja Singh and Dr. L. M. Joshi: "There is no doubt that the Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Andhra, P...

5. Punjabi Diaspora Mostly found in Northern 4. Historical Role The Punjab regions gave the Punjab nation their identity and homogeneous culture. The name Punjab itself means, “Land of the Five Rivers” It has its origin from the Persian words panj (five) and ab (river). The two regions developed from ancient agricultural settlements that were the Harappan civilization from the Third Millenium BC onwards. The Ravi River was the prime location where their ancestors settled, and the Afghans, Turks, Huns, Greeks, and Persians are all counted as part of the Punjabi lineage. Over time, they were to come under the rules of the Mogul Empire, the Sikh nation, and Imperial Britain. In 1947, the Punjab region was divided into two, and officially became Indian Punjab and Pakistani Punjab, as predominately Muslim 3. Punjabi Art, Culture, and Cuisine Punjabi culture encompasses its art and crafts, music, cuisine, architecture, and festivals. Art in Punjab society includes mud used to plaster their homes and walls creating a variety of designs similar to wallpaper. Metalwork includes cutlery and household table items. Wooden toys and boxes are also popular handicraft items as well as basketry of glass. Needlework, rug making, footwear, paintings, weaving, and embroidery all add to the variety. Literature and poetry are practiced as art. Dances include the Bhangra and Jumar, which are popular during celebrations. Punjabi cuisine is composed of chicken, bread, rice, yogurt, sweets, and spi...

Recent Examples on the Web The film follows a first-generation Punjabi truck driver and terrified father-to-be who discovers a young Mexican-American girl inside his trailer after taking a last-minute job before his baby is due. — Todd Gilchrist, Variety, 17 Apr. 2023 These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'Punjabi.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors.

Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ / پنجابی) Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in Punjab Province in Pakistan, and in Punjab state in India. There are also Punjabi speakers in the Kenya, Singapore, UK, Canada, the UAE, the USA, Saudi Arabia and Australia. The names Punjabi and Punjab come from the Persian words for five (panj - پنج) and water (ab آب), and refers to the five major eastern tributaties of the Indus River that flow through Punjab: the Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Punjabi at a glance • Native name: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ / پنجابی [pʌnˈdʒɑːbi] • Alternative names: Panjabi • Language family: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central • Number of speakers: c. 130 million • Spoken in: India, Pakistan, the UK, USA, UAE, Canada, Saudi Arabia and Australia • First written: 16th century • Writing system: Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi scripts • Status: official status in the Indian states of Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Delhi; secondary officially recognized language in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and West Bengal; and in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab, Azad Kashmir, Islamabad Capital Territory, Rajasthan, and Uttarakhand Punjabi descended from the Shauraseni language of medieval northern India and became a distinct language during the 11th century. There are two main varieties of Punjabi: Eastern Punjabi and Western Punjabi, each of which has a number of dialects. Eastern Punjabi is spoken by about 32.6 million people (in 2011), mainly in India in the states of Punjab...