Rotifers

Did You Know? In some species of rotifers, the males do not have digestive organs and cannot eat. Think of animals, and you will most probably visualize images of creatures like dogs, cats, or cattle. However, for scientists, this term includes creatures like fish, insects, and even sponges. While grouping such beasts together may seem extreme to some, this is by no means the end of it. There are, in fact, animals so small that only the largest ones can be seen under a magnifying lens. To make things more weird, these creatures have rings of hair-like structures on their heads, which give the appearance of the wheels of a car. Let’s check out the characteristics of these animals, called ‘rotifers’. Classification Kingdom: Animalia Since rotifers are made up of many cells (which show a structure called ‘nucleus’), and need food to survive (unlike plants), they are included in the animal kingdom. Sub-kingdom: Eumetazoa As rotifers have the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm layers as an embryo, and nerve cells as adults, they are included in this sub-kingdom. Superphylum: Platyzoa Animals that do not show a cavity between their body wall and the intestine (or show a small cavity), are included in this superphylum. Phylum: Rotifera As the name suggests, all animals in this phylum are called rotifers. They are divided into the following three classes. • Class Monogononta It is the largest group of rotifers, containing about 1,500 species. • Class Bdelloidea It is the second-larg...

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Modern The position of Bdelloidea within Syndermata (or Rotifera) is not entirely clear. Alternative possible phylogenetic relationships within the clade are illustrated by the accompanying cladograms. As of 2014, the "most comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of syndermatan relationships" to date was based on Classification and identification [ ] Bdelloidea is a Bdelloids can only be identified by eye while they are alive because many of the characteristics significant to classification are related to feeding and crawling; however, genetic identification of bdelloids is possible on dead individuals. Once preserved, the individuals contract into "blobs" which restricts analysis. Morphology [ ] Rotaria with head (red), tail (white) and trunk (blue) areas highlighted There are three main regions of the body of bdelloids: head, trunk and foot. The adjacent image depicts each area to show how body parts can be very different although they are named the same depending on the species involved. Bdelloids typically have a well-developed corona, divided into two parts, on a retractable head. Some identifiable features of the bdelloids include: • Well-developed foot glands • A mouth opening with a long • Strong teeth (labelled by a tooth index) • Many • Species-specific upper lip shape • Order-specific corona type • Philodinida consist of two ciliated discs • Adinetida consist of a ventral ciliated field • Philodinavida have a small corona The bdelloid digestive and reproductive syst...