Ruthenium

Uses of Ruthenium • Ruthenium is one of the best hardeners for addition to • Ruthenium is used to plate other metals. Thermal decomposition or electrodeposition are the most common metals used to make ruthenium coatings. • One ruthenium-molybdenum • Adding 0.1% ruthenium to titanium improves its corrosion resistance by a factor of a hundred. • Ruthenium oxides are versatile catalysts. • Ruthenium is used in some pen nibs. (Don't chew on your pen!) Interesting Ruthenium Facts • Ruthenium was the last of the platinum group metals to be discovered. • The element name comes from the Latin word‘ Ruthenia’. Ruthenia means Russia, which refers to the Ural Mountains of Russia, the original source of the platinum metal group ores. • Ruthenium compounds are similar to those formed by the element 4)is considered particularly dangerous. • Ruthenium compounds stain or discolor the skin. • Ruthenium is the only group 8 element that does not have 2 electrons in its outer shell. • The pure element is susceptible to attack by • Karl K. Klaus was the first to isolate ruthenium as a pure element. This was an involved process in which he first prepared the salt,ammonium chlororuthenate, (NH 4) 2RuCl 6, and then isolated the metal from it in order to characterize it. • Ruthenium displays a wide range of oxidation states (7 or 8), although it is most commonly found in the II, III, and IV states. • Pure ruthenium costs around $1400 per 100 grams of the metal. • The element abundance in Helmensti...

An important use of ruthenium is for the production of alloys with other metals such as platinum, palladium, and titanium. These alloys have increased strength and corrosion resistance, and are often used in the production of jewelry and electrical contacts. Other uses include the production of dyes for solar cells, and as a chemical catalyst. Ruthenium is a chemical element represented by the symbol Ru on the periodic table of elements. The Ru atomic number (i.e., the number of protons in each atom) is 44 and its relative atomic mass (i.e., the total number of protons + neutrons in an atom) is 101.07. Ruthenium is a very rare element in nature, with an estimated abundance of 0.001 parts per million in the earth's crust. It generally occurs in a pure elemental form alongside other metal elements such as platinum and iridium, or as a component of certain minerals. The regions in which this element occurs and is mined are in the continents of North and South America, as well as in South Africa. The annual global production of this element is calculated to be around 12 tonnes. Some important physical properties of this element include: My Precious! When you hear precious metals, what do you think of? Do you think about Gollum lusting after the golden ring in Lord of the Rings, exclaiming ''My precious!'' Do you think of your grandmother's gold or platinum wedding ring? I bet ruthenium didn't pop into your mind. Did you know that ruthenium is also considered a precious metal a...

In early October, several European countries detected elevated levels of ruthenium-106 above the continent. Based on concentration levels, the likely source of contamination was located around the Ural Mountains. (Image credit: ISRN) The spike in radioactivity was caused by a substance called ruthenium-106. But what, exactly, is ruthenium-106, does it pose risks to human health and how did it get into the air? History of radioactive cloud Member countries of the International Atomic Energy Agency, an international organization that promotes peaceful use of nuclear energy, detected the radioactive isotope ruthenium-106 hovering above 14 European countries in early October, Ruthenium-106, however, is not found naturally, according to France's Nuclear Safety Authority. Instead, it is typically produced by the nuclear fission, or splitting, of uranium-235 atoms in nuclear reactors. Ruthenium-106 is also often produced during the reprocessing of nuclear fuel. Nuclear reprocessing involves separating the radioactive plutonium and uranium from spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power reactors, Ruthenium-106 is also used in head and eye radiation cancer treatments, High doses of ruthenium are toxic and carcinogenic when ingested. The material is strongly retained in the bones. However, the levels detected over the past two months seem to be safe, according to the IRSN. "The concentration levels of ruthenium-106 in the air that have been recorded in Europe and especially in France are...

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