A eukaryote is an organism with complex cells, or a single cell with a complex structures. In these cells the genetic material is organized into chromosomes in the cell nucleus. Animals, plants, algae and fungi are all eukaryotes. There are also eukaryotes amongst single-celled protists.

2. What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and Java? Ans: The colonial management of forests in Bastar district of India and Java of Indonesia can be noticed plainly. The colonial government took away the rights of the forest dwellers and forced them to choose a different occupation.

Besides the nuclear genome, plants possess two small extra chromosomal genomes in mitochondria and chloroplast, respectively, which contribute a small fraction of the organelles’ proteome. Both mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA have originated endosymbiotically and most of their prokaryotic genes were either lost or transferred to the nuclear genome through endosymbiotic gene transfer during.