Operating System Structure Engineering an operating system modularized, maintainable, extensible, etc. Simple Structure Characteristics monolithic poor separation between interfaces and levels of functionality ill-suited design, difficult to maintain and extend Reasons growth beyond original scope and vision

Principles for cloud-native architecture The principle of architecting for the cloud, a.k.a. cloud-native architecture, focuses on how to optimize system architectures for the unique capabilities of the cloud. Traditional architecture tends to optimize for a fixed, high-cost infrastructure, which requires considerable manual effort to modify.