Specific charge of proton

Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • • • Charge Of Proton –Proton, a stable subatomic particle that has a positive charge equal in magnitude to a unit of electron charge and a rest mass of 1.67262 × 10 −27 kg, which is 1,836 times the mass of an electron. Protons, together with electrically neutral particles called neutrons, make up all atomic nuclei except for the hydrogen nucleus (which consists of a single proton). Every nucleus of a given chemical element has the same number of protons. This number defines the atomic number of an element and determines the position of the element in the periodic table. When the number of protons in a nucleus equals the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus, the atom is electrically neutral. The discovery of the proton dates to the earliest investigations of atomic structure. While studying streams of ionized gaseous atoms and molecules from which electrons had been stripped, Wilhelm Wien (1898) and J.J. Thomson (1910) identified a positive particle equal in mass to the hydrogen atom. Ernest Rutherford showed (1919) that nitrogen under alpha-particle bombardment ejects what appears to be hydrogen nuclei. By 1920 he had accepted the hydrogen nucleus as an elementary particle, naming its proton. Charge Of A Proton/Charge Of A Proton In Coulombs 1 elementary charge is equal to • 1.602 x (10)^-19 coulombs • 4.80320425 x (10)^-10 statcoulombs A coulomb is a type of unit of electric charge and is equivalent to one ampere being steadily tran...

I know how this formula work if the mass of the nucleus and the charge of the nucleus is given, however I do not understand how they get them as I have two books which do it differently. So the specific charge is calculated by: charge / mass Textbook 1: Example 1: A nucleus of Hydrogen has 1 proton and no neutrons. It has a charge of $1.60\times 10^$. So what is the problem? Textbook 2 matches how I think it is done to calculate the specific charge, however when I apply that technique to magnesium ion question is first book then it doesn't work out correctly... especially the charge. Additionally I don't understand why the charge of the magnesium ion is only 2* bigger than the charge of the hydrogen atom, although magnesium has 12 protons while the hydrogen only has 1 proton. $\begingroup$ What is, precisely, the problem? You calculate the charge and you divide by the mass, and all the examples you give do the same. On the other hand, your T2E1 does it for the lithium nucleus, but your T1E2 does it for the specific magnesium ion $\mathrm$, which has 12 protons, 10 neutrons and 10 electrons, hence a total charge of $2e$. Other magnesium ions have other total charges, depending on how many electrons you strip off, and will therefore have different specific charges too. Does that answer your question? $\endgroup$ All of your examples look perfectly consistent with each other. The thing to note here is that your first textbook's second example is working out the case for a mag...

Radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news. For instance, you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy, the Fukushima reactor tragedy, or the development of nuclear weapons. It also shows up in popular culture: many superheroes’ origin stories involve radiation exposure, for instance—or, in the case of Spider-Man, a bite from a radioactive spider. But what exactly does it mean for something to be radioactive? Radioactivity is actually a property of an atom. Radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei, and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable, giving off energy—radiation—in the process. Often, elements come in both radioactive and nonradioactive versions that differ in the number of neutrons they contain. These different versions of elements are called isotopes, and small quantities of radioactive isotopes often occur in nature. For instance, a small amount of carbon exists in the atmosphere as radioactive carbon-14, and the amount of carbon-14 found in fossils allows paleontologists to determine their age. Atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons. In fact, the number of protons determines what atom we are looking at (e.g., all atoms with six protons are carbon atoms); the number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number. In contrast, the number of neutrons for a given element can vary. Forms of the same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes. Together, the numbe...

I believe that at first, the particle would simply bend and continue traveling into the magnetic field. Eventually, it would complete a circle, but I guess that we are meant to assume that either the field was large enough to contain the circular path of the proton, or that the proton traveled far enough into the medium to enter a circular path. It depends which way the magnetic field is going. If you have a magnetic field into the page, a proton coming from the left will circulate counterclockwise. You can determine that with the right hand rule An electron would go the opposite direction. If you reverse the magnetic field, both particles will reverse, too. Sal's field is coming out of the page. Good question! you are correct in noting that magnetic force should be a vector. In general, the force on a charge in a magnetic field is F= q v X B (Asterisks denote vectors here, and the X denotes a cross product.) However, Sal decided to ignore the cross product, since v and B are perpendicular (B comes out of the screen, so anything in the plane of the screen is perpendicular to it), and we can thus simplify the magnitude of magnetic force to be q v B. Moreover, he uses only the magnitude of this force because we hardly ever use the vector form of centripetal force. If you look back at the circular motion videos, you'll notice that unit vectors hardly ever come up. I didn't check your math but it looks right. He probably should have used a lower velocity. As you probably know,...

https://phys.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FUniversity_Physics%2FBook%253A_University_Physics_(OpenStax)%2FBook%253A_University_Physics_II_-_Thermodynamics_Electricity_and_Magnetism_(OpenStax)%2F11%253A_Magnetic_Forces_and_Fields%2F11.04%253A_Motion_of_a_Charged_Particle_in_a_Magnetic_Field Expand/collapse global hierarchy • Home • Bookshelves • University Physics • Book: University Physics (OpenStax) • University Physics II - Thermodynamics, Electricity, and Magnetism (OpenStax) • 11: Magnetic Forces and Fields • 11.4: Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field Expand/collapse global location Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain how a charged particle in an external magnetic field undergoes circular motion • Describe how to determine the radius of the circular motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. What happens if this field is uniform over the motion of the charged particle? What path does the particle follow? In this section, we discuss the circular motion of the charged particle as well as other motion that results from a charged particle entering a magnetic field. The simplest case occurs when a charged particle moves perpendicular to a uniform B-field (Figure \(\PageIndex\): (a) The Van Allen radiation belts around Earth trap ions produced by cosmic rays striking Earth’s atm...

⚙️ Learning Objectives • Describe the locations, charges, and masses of the three main subatomic particles. • Determine the number of protons and electrons in an atom. • Define atomic mass unit (amu). Dalton's Atomic Theory explained a lot about matter, chemicals, and chemical reactions. Nevertheless, it was not entirely accuratebecause, contrary to what Dalton believed, atoms can, in fact, be broken apart into smaller subunits or subatomic particles. We have been talking about the electron in great detail, but there are two other particles of interest to us: protons and neutrons. We already learned that J. J. Thomson discovered a negatively charged particle, called the electron. Rutherford proposed that these electrons orbit a positive nucleus. In subsequent experiments, he found that there is a smaller positively charged particle in the nucleus,called a proton. There is also a third subatomic particle, known as a neutron. Electrons Electrons are one of three main types of particles that make up atoms. Electrons are extremely small. The mass of an electron is only about \(\textstyle\frac1\): Electrons are much smaller than protons or neutrons. If an electron was the mass of a penny, a proton or a neutron would have the mass of a large bowling ball! Protons A proton is another one of three main particles that make up the atom. Protons are found in the nucleus of the atom – the tiny, extremely dense region at the center of the atom. Protons have a positive electrical charge...