The inner folds of the mitochondria are called

The mitochondrial cristae are where electrons are passed through the electron transport chain, which pumps protons to power the production of energy molecules called ATP. NADH and FADH2 are molecules that carry electrons. They bring electrons to the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded inside mitochondria. The folds in this inner membrane are called the cristae. NADH and FADH2 pass their electrons to the protein at the start of the chain, which then passes the electron to its teammates like a baton in a relay race. All of this results in the pumping of hydrogen ions, the conversion of oxygen gas into water, and the production of ATP. The Electron Baton The electron transport chain consists of a number of proteins that pass electrons as if they were a baton or a hot potato. NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the start of the chain and hand them off. Some of the proteins in the chain happen to be proton pumps. Protons are another name for hydrogen ions. The proton pumps use the energy of the passing electron to move one hydrogen ion from the inner liquid of the mitochondria into what is called the intermembrane space. Mitochondria have two membranes, an outer and an inner membrane. The space between them stores a lot of hydrogen ions because of the electron transport chain. Oxygen Saves the Day The last protein in the electron transport chain cannot hold on to the electron forever, so it needs someplace to get rid of it. Lone electrons are dangerous to the ...

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane In contrast, mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilization (MIMP) involves a change in the permeability of the IM, which is normally strictly limited to passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer or mediated by specific transporters, and manifests by a loss of ΔΨm. From: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2017 Related terms: • Mitochondrion • Cytochrome C • Programmed Cell Death • Reactive Oxygen Species • Oxidative Phosphorylation • Respiratory Chain • Adenosine Triphosphate • Cardiolipin • Calcium Ion • Mitochondrial Membrane The inner mitochondrial membrane is the home for the proteins of OXPHOS, and within the membrane the proteins are very closely packed. Proteins constitute almost 80% of the mass of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which has important implications for mechanisms by which evolutionary and developmental mitochondrial specializations arise. For example, if a fish could benefit from an increase in maximal mass-specific mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity (adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced per minute per gram tissue), then it would need to increase the OXPHOS specific activity within the tissue. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is densely packed with OXPHOS complexes, there is little potential to increase OXPHOS capacity by increasing the amount of OXPHOS protein in a given amount of inner membrane. Thus, an increase in OXPHOS specific activity can arise through (1) an increase in the amount of inner m...

Organelles are specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells. The term literally means “little organs.” In the same way organs, such as the heart, liver, stomach, and kidneys, serve specific functions to keep an organism alive, organelles serve specific functions to keep a cell alive. Cells are grouped into two different categories, prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, which are primarily differentiated by the presence of one organelle, the nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do. A nucleus is a large organelle that stores DNA and serves as the cell’s command center. Single-cell organisms are usually prokaryotic, while multi-cell organisms are usually made of eukaryotic cells. Another large organelle found in eukaryotic cells is the mitochondrion, an organelle responsible for making ATP, a chemical that organisms use for energy. Cells often contain hundreds of mitochondria. These mitochondria have an outer membrane, which encases the organelle, and an inner membrane, which folds over several times to create a multi-layered structure known as cristae. The fluid inside the mitochondria is called the matrix, which is filled with proteins and mitochondrialDNA. Chloroplasts are another organelle that contain a double membrane and retain their own DNA. Unlike mitochondria, however, the inner membrane of chloroplasts is not folded. They do, however have a third, internal membrane called the thylakoid membrane, which is fold...

Where does Krebs cycle and electron transport system occur? Both occur inside an intracellular inclusion, or organelle, known as a mitochondria. More specifically, the Kreb's cylce (also called the citric acid cycle) occurs in the "matrix"(or inner space) of the mitochondrion. Electron transport occurs in the "cristae" (or folds of the inner membrane) of the mitochondrion. What is the function of the inner membrane in the mitochondria? The inner membrane of the mitochondria has numerous folds called cristae. These folds are where ATP is synthesized, and the folds provide a relatively large surface area where ATP synthesis occurs. The cristaee does enclose a liquid-filled region known as the inner compartment, or matrix, containing many enzymes that are used in the process of aerobic respiration.