Thiosulphate

What is sodium thiosulfate, and what is it used for? Sodium thiosulfate is a medication used as an antidote to cyanide poisoning. Sodium thiosulfate is sequentially administered as an intravenous (IV) injection after sodium nitrite IV injection and both Cyanide poisoning can result from Sodium thiosulfate serves as a sulfur donor for the enzyme rhodanese, also known as thiosulfate sulfurtransferase. Rhodanese is a key enzyme naturally produced in the body for detoxification of environmental toxins. Sodium thiosulfate facilitates the conversion of cyanide by rhodanese into a relatively less toxic thiocyanate that is eliminated in the urine. The chemotherapy drug cisplatin can cause irreversible damage to the hair cells in the cochlea in the inner ear, leading to loss of Sodium thiosulfate interacts with cisplatin to produce an inactive platinum species, reducing the risk of ototoxicity. Sodium thiosulfate also increases the level of glutathione, the natural antioxidant in the body that neutralizes free radicals. The uses of sodium thiosulfate include the following: FDA-approved • Acute cyanide in adults and children that is judged to be life-threatening, in combination with sodium nitrite • Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in pediatric patients one month and older (Pedmark only) Off-label • Cisplatin toxicity to the kidneys (nephrotoxicity) • Leakage of medication from the veins into the surrounding tissue (extravasation) including: • Cisplatin extravasation • Delayed calcium ...

This medicine is given 6 hours after receiving cancer medicine (eg, cisplatin). You may also receive other medicine (eg, allergy medicine, steroid medicine) or medicine to prevent nausea or vomiting before receiving this medicine. • • Portions of this document last updated: Feb. 01, 2023 Copyright: © Merative US L.P. 1973, 2023. All rights reserved. Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes. • •

Pharmacology Mechanism of Action Cyanide toxicity: Serves as a sulfur donor in rhodanese-catalyzed formation of thiocyanate (much less toxic than cyanide) Extravasation management: Neutralizes the reactive species of mechlorethamine; reduces the formation of hydroxyl radicals which cause tissue injury Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Distribution IV: V d: Thiosulfate: 0.15 L/kg (Howland 2011); Thiocyanate: 0.25 L/kg Excretion Urine (~20% to 50% thiosulfate as unchanged drug) Half-Life Elimination Thiosulfate: ~3 hours (Howland 2011); Thiocyanate: 2.7 days, prolonged with renal impairment to ~9 days Use: Labeled Indications Cyanide poisoning: Treatment of acute, life-threatening cyanide poisoning in combination with sodium nitrite. Consider consultation with a poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Use: Off Label Calciphylaxisc Use of sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of calciphylaxis has been described primarily in case series and case reports and in a single retrospective review, it demonstrated beneficial effects in most patients, with partial to complete resolution of skin lesions and reductions in radiotracer activity on bone scans. Additional data may be necessary to further define the role of sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of this condition. Management of mechlorethamine extravasationcyes Clinical experience suggests the utility of sodium thiosulfate in managing mechlorethamine extravasation Albanell 2000, Dorr 1990, Ener 2004. Based on the Management of de...

Sodium thiosulfate (Intravenous) Generic name: sodium thiosulfate [ SOE-dee-um-thye-oh-SUL-fate] Drug classes: • • • • • Uses for sodium thiosulfate Sodium thiosulfate may be used to lessen some of the side effects of cisplatin (a cancer medicine). It is also used with another medicine in the emergency treatment of cyanide poisoning. Sodium thiosulfate is also used to reduce the risk of hearing loss in children 1 month of age and older who are receiving medicines (eg, cisplatin) for cancer that have not spread throughout the body. This medicine is to be given only by or under the immediate supervision of your doctor. Before using sodium thiosulfate In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered: Allergies Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully. Pediatric Although there is no specific information comparing use of sodium thiosulfate in children with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults. Appropriate studies have not been performed on the ...

(1) 2 A u + 1 2 O 2 + 4 S 2 O 3 3 - + H 2 O = 2 A u ( S 2 O 3 ) 2 3 - + 2 O H - According numerous publications of scientific reports thiosulphate gold leaching represents electrochemical reaction of gold oxidation with formation of anionic on the one hand and reduction of bivalent copper Cu(NH 3) 4 2+ to Cu(S 2O 3) 3 5- univalent copper on the other hand ( Aylmore and Muir, 2001). Since calcium thiosulfate is soluble in water (50.2g/100ml at 20°C), the solution must be evaporated at a low temperature to crystallize the product (salt-out temperature ~15 °F (−9.4°C). A hexahydrate, CaS 2O 3·6H 2O, is the result. Its CAS number is 10124-43-3 while that of the anhydrate is 10124-41-1. Its density is 1.87g/cm 3 and it loses four waters of hydration at 45°C and the other two at about 85°C. Further heating to 112°C causes it to decompose, forming S, SO 2 and calcium sulfate: 2CaS 2O 3+heat⇒2CaSO 4+S+SO 2 Thiosulfuric acid could also be used to prepare this salt at an acidic pH. The expected result is the hexahydrate. However, there is no report of an investigation concerning the product(s) formed as a function of pH of precipitation. A high-purity calcium thiosulfate can be prepared by a metathesis reaction of ammonium thiosulfate and calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide. Aqueous solutions of high-purity calcium thiosulfate, in concentrations up to about 30% by weight, are prepared by removing substantially all of the co-product ammonia under conditions that minimize the decomposi...

CAS 7772-98-7 Molecular Formula H10Na2O8S2 Molecular Weight (g/mol) 248.17 MDL Number MFCD00003499 InChI Key PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Synonym sodium thiosulfate, sodium thiosulphate, disodium thiosulfate, sodium thiosulfate anhydrous, hypo, sodiumthiosulfate, chlorine cure, chlorine control, declor-it, thiosulfuric acid, disodium salt PubChem CID IUPAC Name disodium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^-sulfane SMILES O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([S-])(=O)=O Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1N standardized solution is used in volumetric analysis to estimate the concentration of certain compounds in solution (hydrogen peroxide) as well as chlorine content in bleaching powder and water. It is used as a titrant in iodometry. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals. Physical Form Liquid Quantity 1 L Solubility Information Immiscible with alcohol. Formula Weight 158.1 Concentration or Composition (by Analyte or Components) Sodium thiosulphate: 1.58%; Water: 98.42% Appearance Clear liquid Vapor Pressure 23 hPa (17mm Hg) at 20°C Chemical Name or Material Sodium thiosulfate

Indications and Usage for Sodium Thiosulfate Injection Sodium Thiosulfate Injection is indicated for sequential use with sodium nitrite for the treatment of acute cyanide poisoning that is judged to be serious or life-threatening. When the diagnosis of cyanide poisoning is uncertain, the potential risks associated with Sodium Thiosulfate Injection should be carefully weighed against the potential benefits, especially if the patient is not in extremis. 2. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Important Dosage and Administration Instructions • If clinical suspicion of cyanide poisoning is high, administer Sodium Thiosulfate Injection without delay. • Comprehensive treatment of acute cyanide intoxication requires support of vital functions. Administration of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate should be considered adjunctive to appropriate supportive therapies. Airway, ventilatory and circulatory support, and oxygen administration should not be delayed in order to administer sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate [see • The expert advice of a regional poison control center may be obtained by calling 1-800-222-1222. Identifying Patients with Cyanide Poisoning Cyanide poisoning may result from inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure to various cyanide-containing compounds, including smoke from closed-space fires. Sources of cyanide poisoning include hydrogen cyanide and its salts, cyanogenic plants, aliphatic nitriles, and prolonged exposure to sodium nitroprusside. The presence and ext...