Transformer class 12

Transformer : • It is a device that transfers electric energy from one alternating current circuit to one or more circuits, either increasing or reducing the voltage. • Transformer are used to reduce the voltage of conventional power circuit to operate low voltage devices. • It is also used to raise the voltage from electric generators so that electric power can be transmitted over long distance. Working principle : • Transformer works on Faraday's law of mutual induction. • Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that, when a change takes place in the magnetic flux which is linked with a circuit, an electromotive force current will induce in the circuit. • The transformer consists of two separate winding placed over the laminated silicon steel core. • The winding to which AC supply is connected is called primary winding and to which load is connected is called secondary winding. • It works on the alternating current only because an alternating flux is required for mutual induction between the two winding. • When the AC supply is given to the primary winding with a certain voltage, an alternating flux sets up in the core of the transformer, which links with the secondary winding and as a result of it, an emf is induced in it called Mutually Induced emf . • The direction of this induced emf is opposite to the applied voltage. An illustrative diagram of transformer :

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Generators and Transformers In this article, let us discuss two important mechanical equipment that are widely used, generators and transformers. A generator converts one form of energy into another. Let us know in detail the working principle of transformer, types and applications of generators and transformers. Table of Contents: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • What is the Working Principle of Generator? It consists of a rectangular coil with a number of copper wires wound over an iron core. The coil is called the armature. It is used to increase the magnetic flux. A strong permanent magnet is placed, and the armature is rotated between the magnets where the magnetic lines are perpendicular to the axis of the armature. There are two slip rings connected to the arms of the armature. They are used to provide movable contact. Two metallic brushes are connected to the slip rings to pass current from the armature to the slip rings. The current is passed through a load resistance, which is connected across the slip rings. At different time intervals, the position of the armature keeps changing. When the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the coil, the coil is rotated in the magnetic field, and the induced e.m.f produced increases. This happens in this position because of the number of intercepting magnetic field lines maximum. What are the Advantages of AC Generators? Advantages of AC generators are: • The time spent on maintenance is very less as there are no brushes. ...

We know that the electric power coming into our homes is produced very far away from our homes. They are transmitted with the help of cables. But during transmission, energy is lost. The voltage is raised at the power plants before transmission to reduce the loss of energy. The voltage is reduced and distributed to our houses at the power stations. To perform all these functions, we need an electrical component called Transformer. This article will learn about types of transformers, their working principle, and some applications. What is a Transformer? A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit through electromagnetic induction and mutual induction. It is most commonly used to increase (‘step up’) or decrease (‘step down’) voltage levels between circuits without a change in the frequency of AC between circuits. Types of Transformers Depending on the operating voltage, there are mainly two types of transformer. These are as follows: 1. Step-down Transformer:A step-down transformer converts the primary voltage level to a lower voltage across the secondary output. For step-down transformers, the number of windings is higher across the primary side than the secondary side. Therefore, the overall winding ratio of secondary and primary will always remain less than \(1\). 2. Step-up Transformer: Step-up transformer increases the low primary voltage to a high secondary voltage. In this type of transformer, the number ...

11. Transformer : A transformer is an electrical device for converting an alternating current at low voltage into that at high voltage or vice versa. If it increase the input voltage, it is called step up transformer and if it decreases the input voltage, it is called step down transformer. Principle :It works on the principle of mutual induction, i.e., when a changing current is passed through one of the two inductively coupled coils, an induced emf is setup in the other coil. Construction :A transformer essentially consists of two coils of insulated copper wire having different number of turns and wound on the same soft iron core. The coil to which electric energy is supplied is called the primary and the coil from which energy is drawn or output is obtained is called the secondary. To prevent energy losses due to eddy currents, a laminated sheet is used. Because of high permeability of soft iron, the entire magnetic flux due to the current in the primary coil practically remains in the iron core and hence passes fully through the secondary. Two types of arrangements are generally used for winding of primary and secondary coils in a transformer. 1. Core type: In this type, the primary and secondary coils are wound on separate limbs of the core. 2. Shell type :In this type the primary and secondary coils are wound one over another on the same limb of the iron core. Theory :Consider the situation when no load is connected to the secondary, i.e., its terminals are open. Let...

The transformer transforms the energy from one electrical circuit to another. This occurs by using electromagnetic induction. It is known as an efficient voltage converter, and it can reduce the high voltage to low voltage and vice versa. A good-condition transformer consists of two windings, which primary winding and secondary are winding. There are two types of the transformer which are step up and step down 2 Solved Examples Transformer Formula What is a Transformer? The transformer is an electrical device that allows us to increase or decrease the voltage in an alternating current electrical circuit, maintaining power. The power that enters the equipment, in the case of an ideal transformer, is equal to that obtained at the output. Real machines have a small percentage of losses. It is a device that converts the alternating electrical energy of a certain voltage level into alternating energy of another voltage level, based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. It is made up of two coils of conductive material, wound on a closed nucleus of ferromagnetic material, but electrically isolated from each other. The only connection between the coils is the common magnetic flux established in the core. The coils are called primary and secondary according to the input or output of the system in question, respectively. Transformer Formula The value of the power for an electric circuit is the value of the voltage by the value of the current intensity. As in the case of a...

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Transformer : • It is a device that transfers electric energy from one alternating current circuit to one or more circuits, either increasing or reducing the voltage. • Transformer are used to reduce the voltage of conventional power circuit to operate low voltage devices. • It is also used to raise the voltage from electric generators so that electric power can be transmitted over long distance. Working principle : • Transformer works on Faraday's law of mutual induction. • Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that, when a change takes place in the magnetic flux which is linked with a circuit, an electromotive force current will induce in the circuit. • The transformer consists of two separate winding placed over the laminated silicon steel core. • The winding to which AC supply is connected is called primary winding and to which load is connected is called secondary winding. • It works on the alternating current only because an alternating flux is required for mutual induction between the two winding. • When the AC supply is given to the primary winding with a certain voltage, an alternating flux sets up in the core of the transformer, which links with the secondary winding and as a result of it, an emf is induced in it called Mutually Induced emf . • The direction of this induced emf is opposite to the applied voltage. An illustrative diagram of transformer :

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Previous Years Papers • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Examinations • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Transformer The transformer, in a simple way, can be described as a device that steps up or steps down voltage. In a step-up transformer, the output voltage is increased, and in a step-down transformer, the output voltage is decreased. The step-up transformer will decrease the output current, and the step-down transformer will increase the output current to keep the input and output power of the system equal. The transformer is basically a voltage control device that is used widely in the distribution and transmission of alternating current power. The idea of a transformer was first discussed by Michael Faraday in the year 1831 and was carried forward by many other prominent ...