Water from a stream is falling on the blades of a turbine

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Water Turbine Design Water Turbine Design for Small Scale Hydro Energy Hydro schemes use various types of water turbine design to produce a rotary turning action at a medium to high rotational speed. Also water turbines, or more specifically hydro turbines, can be used as part of a home hydro electricity system by installing an electrical generator. Unlike a water pump which is mechanically driven by an electric motor or wind turbine and uses suction to pump the water through it, a typical water turbine design uses nozzles and differential water pressure to produce a mechanical rotation and output. In other words, a water turbine converts water pressure energy into mechanical energy. It is important at this point to understand the difference between a Water Turbine Design and a A waterwheel is a simple but large circular wooden or metallic wheel with buckets attached around its periphery that slowly turns as the flow of water pours over or underneath it producing lots of mechanical torque to drive auxiliary machinery. A water turbine on the other hand, is a much smaller, lightweight cast iron or steel machine in which the kinetic energy of the water is converted into mechanical energy through the use of correctly placed pressure nozzles. Typical Water Turbine Design The water turbine is the heart of any hydro power plant. It consists of a number of metal or plastic blades fitted to a central rotating shaft or plate. Water flowing through the casing of the enclosed turbine,...

Summary Students drop water from different heights to demonstrate the conversion of water's potential energy to kinetic energy. They see how varying the height from which water is dropped affects the splash size. They follow good experiment protocol, take measurements, calculate averages and graph results. In seeing how falling water can be used to do work, they also learn how this energy transformation figures into the engineering design and construction of hydroelectric power plants, dams and reservoirs. This engineering curriculum aligns to Next Generation Science Standards ( Copyright © 2004 Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399 USA. All rights reserved. Engineering Connection Engineers design hydroelectric dams to take advantage of the conversion of water's potential energy to kinetic energy, and then mechanical energy to electrical energy. Since the force of kinetic energy is dependent on the height and mass of the falling water, civil engineers take this into consideration when designing dam turbines. High kinetic energy (caused by a great amount of water or falling from a high distance) results in incredible force on the turbine blades, so engineers design the blade and the assembly to withstand this force. Engineers use this same understanding of energy transfer when they design roller coasters. Learning Objectives After this activity, students should be able to: • Describe an object's varying potential energy as being dependant on its h...

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