What are the controls affecting the climate of india class 9

• The elements affecting theclimate are latitude, altitude and pressure and winds, distance from the sea(continentality), ocean currents and relief features. • Latitude and altitude: Themost important climatic control is latitude. Latitude affects the temperatureof a place. The places situated at higher altitudes which are far from equatorreceive less sunlight and places which are located towards the equator whichis a 00 latitude receives more sunlight and are hotter than the places locatedat higher latitudes. Sunlight also affects precipitation or rainfall. Thuslatitudinal position of a region decides the climate of the place. • Continentality is defined asmeasure of difference between continental and marine climates. As the distancefrom sea increases this moderating effect decreases and people face extremeweather conditions • Winds and air masses originate over oceans move onshore to the mainland and affect climate.

Regional Variations in Climatic conditions of India Although there is an overall unity in the usual pattern of monsoon, there are some regional variations in the climatic conditions of India. The important elements of this variation are precipitation, duration of different seasons and temperature. For instance, during summer the temperature around Pahalgam of Jammu and Kashmir is around 20 degrees, whereas on the same day it is 50 degrees in Rajasthan. Similarly, in winters, the temperature is as low as minus 45 degrees in dras and as high as 20 degrees in Thiruvananthapuram. Temperature Summer temperature in certain regions of the Rajasthan desert might reach 50°C, whereas Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir may hover around 20°C. Generally, coastal locations have fewer temperature contrasts. Seasonal differences are particularly pronounced in the country’s interior. Check out the Precipitation Precipitation occurs mostly in the form of snowfall in the Himalayan peaks, but it showers across the remaining area of the nation. Annual precipitation varies significantly between Meghalaya and Ladakh and western Rajasthan, ranging from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan. From June through September, the majority of the nation receives rainfall. Climatic Controls Latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system, distance from the sea (continentally), ocean currents, and relief characteristics are the six primary climatic controls. • Due to the curva...

In this chapter, you will learn about the atmospheric conditions of India. By going through CBSE Notes Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 on Climate, you will get the answers to many questions, such as why do we wear woollens in December or why is it hot and uncomfortable in the month of May and why it rains in June – July? You can also download these notes in pdf for future reference. Chapter 4 Climate • • • • • Download PDF Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years). Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point in time. The elements of weather and climate are the same, i.e. temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation. On the basis of the monthly atmospheric conditions, the year is divided into seasons such as: • Winter • Summer • Rainy Seasons Climatic Controls The climate of any place depends on the following factors: 1) Latitude The amount of solar energy received varies according to latitude due to the curvature of the earth. That’s why air temperature generally decreases from the equator towards the poles. 2) Altitude The atmosphere becomes less dense, and temperature decreases when we go to a higher altitude from the Earth’s surface. This is the reason why hills are cooler during summer. 3) Pressure and wind system The pressure and wind system of any area depend on the latitude and altitude of the place. It influences the tempera...