What is an effective method of recharging groundwater

The estimation of groundwater recharge is of paramount importance to assess the sustainability of groundwater use in aquifers around the world. Estimation of the recharge flux, however, remains notoriously difficult. In this study the application of nonlinear transfer function noise (TFN) models using impulse response functions is explored to simulate groundwater levels and estimate groundwater recharge. A nonlinear root zone model that simulates recharge is developed and implemented in a TFN model and is compared to a more commonly used linear recharge model. An additional novel aspect of this study is the use of an autoregressive–moving-average noise model so that the remaining noise fulfills the statistical conditions to reliably estimate parameter uncertainties and compute the confidence intervals of the recharge estimates. The models are calibrated on groundwater-level data observed at the Wagna hydrological research station in the southeastern part of Austria. The nonlinear model improves the simulation of groundwater levels compared to the linear model. The annual recharge rates estimated with the nonlinear model are comparable to the average seepage rates observed with two lysimeters. The recharges estimates from the nonlinear model are also in reasonably good agreement with the lysimeter data at the smaller timescale of recharge per 10 d. This is an improvement over previous studies that used comparable methods but only reported annual recharge rates. The presente...

Now in its third year, the current drought reminds us that California’s water supplies are limited. Calls are growing louder to enlarge dams – or build new ones – to expand the state’s water storage capacity. But far less attention is given to a cheaper but less visible option – storing water under our feet. Jump to Interactive: • • • • • Groundwater storage represents both a practical solution to the state’s additional water storage needs and a tool to help manage groundwater more sustainably. Groundwater levels are continuing to decline across the state, not just from California’s current drought, but from decades of chronic overuse. Augmenting water supply through recharge into aquifers presents a cost-effective way of increasing the availability of groundwater for the inevitable dry times ahead. Recharge Offers a Cheaper Option — and There Is Demand for It California Water Myths, by Ellen Hanak, Jay Lund, Ariel Dinar, Brian Gray, Richard Howitt, Jeffrey Mount, Peter Moyle, and Barton "Buzz” Thompson, Public Policy Institute of California, December 2009 New research by Water in the West shows that groundwater recharge is a cheaper alternative to surface storage. In fact, See below for more details on how recharge compares, cost-wise, to other storage methods. Cost Comparison of Water Projects Restores groundwater-dependent ecosystems, including river flows Groundwater recharge can act as a barrier to seawater intrusion in coastal basins and to the migration of contamina...

What is a perspective? Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management. Artificial recharge is the planned, man-made increase of groundwater levels. By improving its natural replenishment capacities and percolation from surface waters into aquifers, the amount of groundwater available for abstraction is increased. This is particularly useful in areas where water and groundwater resources are heavily utilised and acute problems with dropping watersheds, soil salinisation, saltwater intrusion in coastal areas or water scarcity in general exist. Subsurface groundwater recharge refers to the different recharge techniques (generally injection or recharge wells) that release treated effluent and/or collected stormwater underground and directly replenish groundwater aquifers (without soil percolation). Factsheet Block Body Artificial groundwater recharge is the planned infiltration of effluents from sanitation systems (e.g. Although the primary objective of this technology is to preserve or restock groundwater resources, artificial recharge has been used for many other beneficial purposes. These include conserv...

The concept of capturing surface water sources by pumping a well has blossomed into a pragmatic method of developing large-capacity water wells. J.G. Ferris, E.M. Burt, G.J. Strammel, and E.G. Crosthwaite discussed how both underground and surface water sources are affected by this technique (1954, Ground Water Resources of Southwestern Oakland Co., Michigan, Michigan Department of Conservation Progress Report 16, 54-58). Their discussion is reproduced here. Induced infiltration from underground sources "The regional lowering of groundwater levels in the vicinity of a well development disturbs the initial condition of hydrodynamic equilibrium between the aquifer which is being developed and the overlying and underlying aquifers or confining beds. … Initially, the water in the water-table (unconfined) aquifer stands at a higher level than the piezometric surface (potentiometric surface) in the underlying formations of shale and sandstone. As a consequence of the higher head, groundwater, may percolate from the sand and gravel formation into the underlying shale and sandstone…". "When groundwater is pumped from the water-table aquifer at rates sufficient to lower water levels below the piezometric surface of the artesian formation, leakage gradients will be reversed and groundwater now percolates upward from the artesian formation and enters the water-table aquifer if the confining bed is permeable enough. … In areas of extensive development, where a large regional lowering ...

Understanding the issues that have been encountered at other sites, and the steps that have led to successful resolution of these issues, can provide great help to those considering, planning, or implementing new groundwater recharge projects. Recent technical advances and operational experience have demonstrated that well recharge is a feasible and cost effective method of artificially recharging natural aquifers. This practical guide reviews the technical constraints and issues that have been addressed and resolved through research and experience at many sites. The book presents aquifer storage recovery (ASR) technology and traces its evolution over the past 25 years in the United States. Procedures for groundwater recharge are presented, and selected case studies are examined. Drinking water quality standards and conversion factors are provided in the appendix for easy reference. achieve alternative analysis applications approach appropriate aquifer ASR systems associated brackish capacity cause changes chlorine concentrations conducted consideration considered construction containing core cost cycles demands depth determine discussed disinfection dissolved distribution drinking water effects existing experience facilities Figure filter Florida flow frequently G/min geochemical groundwater higher hydraulic important increase indicated initial injection iron issues located measurement meet megaliters MG/day mg/L months native needs occur operations organic peak period Ph...

Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a The most common methods to estimate recharge rates are: chloride mass balance (CMB); soil physics methods; environmental and isotopic tracers; groundwater-level fluctuation methods; water balance (WB) methods (including groundwater models (GMs)); and the estimation of baseflow (BF) to rivers. Processes [ ] Diffused or focused mechanisms [ ] Groundwater recharge can occur through diffuse or focused mechanisms. Diffuse recharge occurs when precipitation infiltrates through the soil to the water table, and is by definition distributed over large areas. Focussed recharge occurs where water leaks from surface water sources (rivers, lakes, wadis, wetlands) or land surface depressions, and generally becomes more dominant with aridity. Natural recharge [ ] Water is recharged naturally by Recharge can help move excess salts that accumulate in the root zone to deeper soil layers, or into the groundwater system. Tree roots increase water Wetlands [ ] Artificial groundwater recharge [ ] Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strategies to augment freshwater availability include streambed channel modification, :110 Artificial groundwater recharge is becoming increasingly important in India, where ₹1,800 crore (equivalent to ₹46billionorUS$580million in 2020) to fund dug-well Pollution in stormwater Depression-focused recharge [ ] If water falls uniformly over a field such that depression focused recharge. Water tables rise under su...

Understanding the issues that have been encountered at other sites, and the steps that have led to successful resolution of these issues, can provide great help to those considering, planning, or implementing new groundwater recharge projects. Recent technical advances and operational experience have demonstrated that well recharge is a feasible and cost effective method of artificially recharging natural aquifers. This practical guide reviews the technical constraints and issues that have been addressed and resolved through research and experience at many sites. The book presents aquifer storage recovery (ASR) technology and traces its evolution over the past 25 years in the United States. Procedures for groundwater recharge are presented, and selected case studies are examined. Drinking water quality standards and conversion factors are provided in the appendix for easy reference. achieve alternative analysis applications approach appropriate aquifer ASR systems associated brackish capacity cause changes chlorine concentrations conducted consideration considered construction containing core cost cycles demands depth determine discussed disinfection dissolved distribution drinking water effects existing experience facilities Figure filter Florida flow frequently G/min geochemical groundwater higher hydraulic important increase indicated initial injection iron issues located measurement meet megaliters MG/day mg/L months native needs occur operations organic peak period Ph...

The estimation of groundwater recharge is of paramount importance to assess the sustainability of groundwater use in aquifers around the world. Estimation of the recharge flux, however, remains notoriously difficult. In this study the application of nonlinear transfer function noise (TFN) models using impulse response functions is explored to simulate groundwater levels and estimate groundwater recharge. A nonlinear root zone model that simulates recharge is developed and implemented in a TFN model and is compared to a more commonly used linear recharge model. An additional novel aspect of this study is the use of an autoregressive–moving-average noise model so that the remaining noise fulfills the statistical conditions to reliably estimate parameter uncertainties and compute the confidence intervals of the recharge estimates. The models are calibrated on groundwater-level data observed at the Wagna hydrological research station in the southeastern part of Austria. The nonlinear model improves the simulation of groundwater levels compared to the linear model. The annual recharge rates estimated with the nonlinear model are comparable to the average seepage rates observed with two lysimeters. The recharges estimates from the nonlinear model are also in reasonably good agreement with the lysimeter data at the smaller timescale of recharge per 10 d. This is an improvement over previous studies that used comparable methods but only reported annual recharge rates. The presente...

The concept of capturing surface water sources by pumping a well has blossomed into a pragmatic method of developing large-capacity water wells. J.G. Ferris, E.M. Burt, G.J. Strammel, and E.G. Crosthwaite discussed how both underground and surface water sources are affected by this technique (1954, Ground Water Resources of Southwestern Oakland Co., Michigan, Michigan Department of Conservation Progress Report 16, 54-58). Their discussion is reproduced here. Induced infiltration from underground sources "The regional lowering of groundwater levels in the vicinity of a well development disturbs the initial condition of hydrodynamic equilibrium between the aquifer which is being developed and the overlying and underlying aquifers or confining beds. … Initially, the water in the water-table (unconfined) aquifer stands at a higher level than the piezometric surface (potentiometric surface) in the underlying formations of shale and sandstone. As a consequence of the higher head, groundwater, may percolate from the sand and gravel formation into the underlying shale and sandstone…". "When groundwater is pumped from the water-table aquifer at rates sufficient to lower water levels below the piezometric surface of the artesian formation, leakage gradients will be reversed and groundwater now percolates upward from the artesian formation and enters the water-table aquifer if the confining bed is permeable enough. … In areas of extensive development, where a large regional lowering ...

Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a The most common methods to estimate recharge rates are: chloride mass balance (CMB); soil physics methods; environmental and isotopic tracers; groundwater-level fluctuation methods; water balance (WB) methods (including groundwater models (GMs)); and the estimation of baseflow (BF) to rivers. Processes [ ] Diffused or focused mechanisms [ ] Groundwater recharge can occur through diffuse or focused mechanisms. Diffuse recharge occurs when precipitation infiltrates through the soil to the water table, and is by definition distributed over large areas. Focussed recharge occurs where water leaks from surface water sources (rivers, lakes, wadis, wetlands) or land surface depressions, and generally becomes more dominant with aridity. Natural recharge [ ] Water is recharged naturally by Recharge can help move excess salts that accumulate in the root zone to deeper soil layers, or into the groundwater system. Tree roots increase water Wetlands [ ] Artificial groundwater recharge [ ] Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strategies to augment freshwater availability include streambed channel modification, :110 Artificial groundwater recharge is becoming increasingly important in India, where ₹1,800 crore (equivalent to ₹46billionorUS$580million in 2020) to fund dug-well Pollution in stormwater Depression-focused recharge [ ] If water falls uniformly over a field such that depression focused recharge. Water tables rise under su...