What was the impact of civil disobedience movement in the princely state of jammu and kashmir

Abstract Cross-border terrorism has been present in the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir since 1947, when both the dominions of India and Pakistan were created. One of the first documentations of the phenomenon was maharaja Hari Singh’s letter addressed to Lord Mountbatten, dated 26 October 1947, which accompanied the Instrument of Accession and cited the need for protection against ‘soldiers in plain clothes, and desperadoes with modern weapons,’ which resulted in ‘wanton destruction of life and property’ ( Introduction SADF has researched and published intensively on cross-border terrorism and trafficking in drugs Terrorism Revisited, Wolf argues in a similar fashion that Pakistan ‘is not only flirting with (militant) Jihadism but has also been using terrorism as an instrument of state policy for decades’ ( 1 – Cross border terrorism in the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir Pumping drugs into Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir serves a twofold purpose. On the one hand, it funds terrorist activities; on the other, there is a strong correlation between receptive attitudes towards jihadism and drug use. Indian authorities have an acute understanding that the operations of terrorism and drug smuggling are linked to the highest levels of the Pakistani state. The Chief of the Indian Army Staff, General Bipin Rawat, has stated that there is ‘a nexus between drugs and guns, and unless movement of drugs [is] controlled, it will be difficult to contain the mo...

•Disestablished 1952 Preceded by Succeeded by Today part of ( ( Jammu and Kashmir, also known as Kashmir and Jammu, was a paramountcy (or tutelage) of the At the time of the Administration According to the census reports of 1911, 1921 and 1931, the administration was organised as follows: • Jammu province: Districts of • Kashmir province: Districts of Kashmir South ( • Frontier districts: Wazarats of • Internal jagirs: In the 1941 census, further details of the frontier districts were given: • Ladakh wazarat: Tehsils of • Gilgit wazarat: Tehsils of • Frontier illaqas: (under the Prime Ministers (Jammu & Kashmir) # Name Took Office Left Office 1 Raja Sir Daljit Singh 1917 1921 2 Raja 1925 1927 3 January 1927 March 1929 4 1929 1931 5 1931 1932 6 1932 1936 7 Sir Barjor J. Dalal 1936 1936 8 Sir 1937 July 1943 9 July 1943 February 1944 10 Sir February 1944 28 June 1945 11 28 June 1945 11 August 1947 12 11 August 1947 15 October 1947 13 15 October 1947 5 March 1948 14 5 March 1948 8 August 1953 See also • • • •

On August 5, 2019, the Modi government of India stripped Jammu and Kashmir of its special status by abrogating Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. While To understand what is happening in Kashmir today, we need to understand the conditions in which these tensions emerged. Whatever one wants for Kashmir, or for Indian federalism, people on either side are getting the history wrong. Kashmir is a standing symbol of India’s miscarriage of democracy under both secular and Hindu nationalists. Talking about the problem of Kashmir as just a problem of federalism is poor history and poor politics. Historically, strident attacks on state rights and desire for a strong central government marked the founding of the Indian nation. The demotion of Kashmir is just one in a series of anti-state rights acts that called post-colonial India into existence. The history of the federalist advocacies of the princely states, and how they were short-changed and dragged into independent India, is comfortably forgotten across the political spectrum and in intellectual, and legal circles. If democracy was really one of the pledges that united India in cooperation with Kashmir was a princely state during British rule with a Hindu ruler and at least two-thirds Muslim population. To date, it is the only Muslim majority state in India. Legally speaking, Kashmir’s accession, in October 1947, was no different from the other 550 princely states that joined India and were subsequently erased as geographi...

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Under Background [ ] The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was created in 1846, through the The princely state combined disparate regions which were ethnically, culturally and linguistically different to each other. In the south was the Jammu region with a population ethnically related to Punjabis Pandits, while in the east was Ladakh whose population was ethnically and culturally Tibetan and practised Buddhism. In the northeast of the state was Baltistan where the people were ethnically related to Ladakhis but practised Shia Islam while in the Gilgit Agency the population was a mixture of diverse, mostly Shia groups. The princely rule was an overwhelming Hindu state. Pre-1931 developments [ ] Kashmir's native Hindu Shawl Bauf agitation [ ] To protest against the Dogra authorities' hefty taxation, Kashmiri shawl weavers went on strike and gathered to protest outside the residence of Raj Kak Dhar, who was the Kashmiri Pandit official in charge of the Shawl Department who misinformed Colonel Bijoy Singh that he was being attacked while weavers were protesting without arms. When the unarmed protesters refused to accept the orders, the troops charged them with spears. Scores of protesters jumped off the Haji Rather Sum Bridge at Zaldgar, in the hope they would hide in the marsh underneath, but at least 28 bodies were recovered from the river, and over 100 sustained wounds. Developments in the late 19th century [ ] In 1877-1879 the Kashmir Valley witnessed a severe famine, wi...

Integration of Princely States - Facts for UPSC Modern History At the time of independence, there were more than 500 princely states in India that were not a part of the British Empire officially. These 500 princely states covered 48 per cent of the Pre-Independent Indian area. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was given the task of the integration of princely states. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 gave princely states the choice to accede to either India or Pakistan or remain independent. In this article, you can read about the integration of these states with India through persuasion, diplomacy, military force, or plebiscite, for the The will provide details about the latest government announcements and projects! The following links will further help their candidates in their exam preparation: • Download NCERT Ancient Indian History Notes PDF for UPSC (Free) • Download NCERT Medieval Indian History Notes PDF for UPSC (Free) • Download NCERT Modern Indian History Notes PDF for UPSC (Free) • Daily Video Analysis – The Hindu • Download UPSC Notes PDF (Free) • Take the IAS Mock Tests Why was the Integration of the Princely States necessary? Post-independence, one of the first and major problems that surfaced was the integration of the princely states into the concept of a single unified, uniformly administered India. Since these princely states, were patronized by the British on a large scale during the 19 th and 20 th centuries, they were not comfortable with the idea of giv...

•Disestablished 1952 Preceded by Succeeded by Today part of ( ( Jammu and Kashmir, also known as Kashmir and Jammu, was a paramountcy (or tutelage) of the At the time of the Administration According to the census reports of 1911, 1921 and 1931, the administration was organised as follows: • Jammu province: Districts of • Kashmir province: Districts of Kashmir South ( • Frontier districts: Wazarats of • Internal jagirs: In the 1941 census, further details of the frontier districts were given: • Ladakh wazarat: Tehsils of • Gilgit wazarat: Tehsils of • Frontier illaqas: (under the Prime Ministers (Jammu & Kashmir) # Name Took Office Left Office 1 Raja Sir Daljit Singh 1917 1921 2 Raja 1925 1927 3 January 1927 March 1929 4 1929 1931 5 1931 1932 6 1932 1936 7 Sir Barjor J. Dalal 1936 1936 8 Sir 1937 July 1943 9 July 1943 February 1944 10 Sir February 1944 28 June 1945 11 28 June 1945 11 August 1947 12 11 August 1947 15 October 1947 13 15 October 1947 5 March 1948 14 5 March 1948 8 August 1953 See also • • • •

• العربية • Azərbaycanca • বাংলা • Български • Català • Čeština • Deutsch • Español • Esperanto • فارسی • Français • 한국어 • Հայերեն • हिन्दी • Bahasa Indonesia • Italiano • עברית • ಕನ್ನಡ • ქართული • Latviešu • മലയാളം • मराठी • Монгол • Nederlands • 日本語 • Norsk bokmål • Occitan • ਪੰਜਾਬੀ • پنجابی • Polski • Português • Русский • Simple English • Soomaaliga • Српски / srpski • Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски • Suomi • Svenska • தமிழ் • తెలుగు • ไทย • Türkçe • Українська • اردو • 中文 Result United Nations-mediated ceasefire Territorial changes One-third of Belligerents • • • • • • Pakistani paramilitaries • • • • • • • • Commanders and leaders Sher Khan Casualties and losses 1,103 army deaths 1,990 J&K forces killed or missing 32 RIAF members 3,154 wounded Total military casualties: 6,279 6,000 killed ~14,000 wounded Total military casualties: 20,000 Conflict began when Main article: The years 1946–1947 saw the rise of The original target date for the transfer of power to the new dominions was June 1948. However, fearing the rise of inter-communal violence, the British Viceroy The presence of the British commanding officers on both sides made the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 a strange war. The two commanding officers were in daily telephone contact and adopted mutually defensive positions. The attitude was that "you can hit them so hard but not too hard, otherwise there will be all kinds of repercussions." Developments in Jammu and Kashmir (August–October 1947) According to Indian...

Abstract Cross-border terrorism has been present in the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir since 1947, when both the dominions of India and Pakistan were created. One of the first documentations of the phenomenon was maharaja Hari Singh’s letter addressed to Lord Mountbatten, dated 26 October 1947, which accompanied the Instrument of Accession and cited the need for protection against ‘soldiers in plain clothes, and desperadoes with modern weapons,’ which resulted in ‘wanton destruction of life and property’ ( Introduction SADF has researched and published intensively on cross-border terrorism and trafficking in drugs Terrorism Revisited, Wolf argues in a similar fashion that Pakistan ‘is not only flirting with (militant) Jihadism but has also been using terrorism as an instrument of state policy for decades’ ( 1 – Cross border terrorism in the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir Pumping drugs into Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir serves a twofold purpose. On the one hand, it funds terrorist activities; on the other, there is a strong correlation between receptive attitudes towards jihadism and drug use. Indian authorities have an acute understanding that the operations of terrorism and drug smuggling are linked to the highest levels of the Pakistani state. The Chief of the Indian Army Staff, General Bipin Rawat, has stated that there is ‘a nexus between drugs and guns, and unless movement of drugs [is] controlled, it will be difficult to contain the mo...

Under Background [ ] The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was created in 1846, through the The princely state combined disparate regions which were ethnically, culturally and linguistically different to each other. In the south was the Jammu region with a population ethnically related to Punjabis Pandits, while in the east was Ladakh whose population was ethnically and culturally Tibetan and practised Buddhism. In the northeast of the state was Baltistan where the people were ethnically related to Ladakhis but practised Shia Islam while in the Gilgit Agency the population was a mixture of diverse, mostly Shia groups. The princely rule was an overwhelming Hindu state. Pre-1931 developments [ ] Kashmir's native Hindu Shawl Bauf agitation [ ] To protest against the Dogra authorities' hefty taxation, Kashmiri shawl weavers went on strike and gathered to protest outside the residence of Raj Kak Dhar, who was the Kashmiri Pandit official in charge of the Shawl Department who misinformed Colonel Bijoy Singh that he was being attacked while weavers were protesting without arms. When the unarmed protesters refused to accept the orders, the troops charged them with spears. Scores of protesters jumped off the Haji Rather Sum Bridge at Zaldgar, in the hope they would hide in the marsh underneath, but at least 28 bodies were recovered from the river, and over 100 sustained wounds. Developments in the late 19th century [ ] In 1877-1879 the Kashmir Valley witnessed a severe famine, wi...