Which of the following are abiotic factors of an ecosystem

Abiotic factors that affect communities The abundance of organisms in an ecosystem and their distribution is affected by abiotic factors. These are factors that are non-living. They include: • light intensity: • light is required for photosynthesis , and plant species have evolved for optimum growth in the light available in their climate or habitat • temperature: • animals and plants have evolved to grow healthily at their optimum temperatures • moisture levels: • animals and plants are adapted to growing at the moisture levels available • most plants are killed by waterlogging, as they are unable to respire • bog plants will be adapted to growing in these wet conditions • soil pH and mineral content: • many plants are sensitive to pH • plants such as heathers, grow best in acidic soils • plants such as lavender, prefer alkaline soils • wind intensity and direction: • wind can increase the supply of carbon dioxide to plants • but wind increases the rate of transpiration and therefore water loss • wind can cause mechanical damage to plants • carbon dioxide levels for plants: • carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis, so increased concentrations will increase growth and yields • some plant growers therefore raise the concentration of carbon dioxide in greenhouses for increased growth • carbon dioxide is an acidic gas, and because some plants are sensitive to pH, this is not suitable for raising yields of all plants • oxygen levels for aquatic animals: • oxygen dissolv...

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Marine ecosystems are aquatic environments with high levels of dissolved salt, such as those found in or near the ocean. Marine ecosystems are defined by their unique biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and microbes; important abiotic factors include the amount of sunlight in the ecosystem, the amount of oxygen and nutrients dissolved in the water, proximity to land, depth, and temperature. Sunlight is one of the most important abiotic factors for marine ecosystems. It’s so important that scientists classify parts of marine ecosystems—up to three—by the amount of light they receive. The topmost part of a marine ecosystem is the euphotic zone, extending down as far as 200 meters (656 feet) below the surface. At this depth, there is sufficient light for regular photosynthetic activity. Most marine life inhabits this zone. Below the euphotic zone is the dysphotic zone, which can reach from 200 to as deep as 1,000 meters (656 to 3,280 feet) below the surface. At these depths, sunlight is still available, but only enough to facilitate some photosynthesis. Below the dysphotic zone lies the aphotic zone, which does not receive any sunlight. Types of Marine Ecosystems Scientists divide marine ecosystems into several broad categories, although there are discrepancies depending on the source about what qualifies as a marine ecosystem. The number of marine ecosystems is actively debated. Although there is some disagreement, several...

Have you ever hiked through a forest and noticed the incredible diversity of organisms living together, from ferns to trees to mushrooms the size of dinner plates? Or taken a road trip and watched the landscape change outside the window, shifting from oak forest to tall stands of pine to grassy plains? If so, you’ve gotten a classic taste of ecology, the branch of biology that examines how organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment. Ecology isn't just about species-rich forests, pristine wilderness, or scenic vistas, though. Have you, for instance, ever found cockroaches living under your bed, mold growing in your shower, or even fungus creeping in between your toes? If so, then you’ve seen equally valid examples of ecology in action. One core goal of ecology is to understand the distribution and abundance of living things in the physical environment. For instance, your backyard or neighborhood park probably has a very different set of plants, animals, and fungi than the backyard of a fellow Khan Academy learner on the opposite side of the globe. These patterns in nature are driven by interactions among organisms as well as between organisms and their physical environment. Let's apply the idea of biotic and abiotic factors to another organism, one that a field ecologist might be likely to study. Red pandas are distant relatives of raccoons and are found only in the eastern Himalayas. They spend most of their time in trees and eat a primarily veg...

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The so-called 'two halves' of an ecosystem, biotic and abiotic factors work together to ensure a balanced, vibrant and thriving natural environment. Here we outline what biotic and abiotic factors are and how they are closely connected. Biotic and abiotic factors are what make up our surrounding natural world. • Biotic factors are living things within an ecosystem. These include humans, plants, fungi, animals and microorganisms including bacteria. • Abiotic factors on the other hand, are non-living components of an ecosystem such as water, temperature, sunlight, nutrients, soil and the atmosphere itself. The way these components interact is ever-changing and critical in an ecosystem as living organisms require both biotic and abiotic factors to survive. A deficit or abundance of either component can limit other factors within an ecosystem and influence an organism’s health and long-term survival. To understand what exactly an ecosystem is, read about Biotic Factors Explained Earth's oceans have some of the most important biotic and abiotic factors on the planet. (Foto: CC0 / Pixabay / vjacob1) Biotic factors include any living component within an ecosystem. These living components fall into one of the three following Producers Producers or autotrophs (i.e. plants, algae, plankton and bacteria) convert abiotic factors into food. The most common pathway is photosynthesis, through which carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight are used to produce glucose and oxygen. Pl...

The structure of an ecosystem is characterized by the organization of both biotic and abiotic factors. It includes the distribution of energy in our environment. In ecosystem biotic and abiotic factors are interrelated. It is an open system where the energy and biotic and abiotic factors can flow throughout the boundaries. In an ecosystem, all living organisms are known as biotic components whereas non-living components are known as abiotic. Examples of biotic factors are plants, animals, yeast, decomposers, etc. Whereas heat, sun, water, land, rainfall, mountain, humidity, etc. are abiotic factors. Biotic Factors: The three main kinds of (biotic factors) organisms depending on the manner in which they obtain the food are: Producers: Organisms that produce their own food by photosynthesis, e.g., green plants, blue-green algae, etc. We can say that all the producers are autotrophs. Consumers: These are the organisms which take food from the producers. All the heterotrophic organisms are the consumers. Consumers can be further classified into herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and parasites Herbivores are animals that only feed on grass, for e. g. deer, rabbit, etc. They are also known as primary consumers. Carnivores are organisms that only take their food from other animals. For e.g., lion, tiger, wolf, etc. Small carnivores like dogs, wolves, etc. are secondary consumers, and large animals like lions and tigers are considered tertiary consumers as they feed on secondary c...

Image Sidewinder in Desert Species are not only adapted other living things within their ecosystems but also to the abiotic factors—nonliving physical and chemical aspects—in their environments. The sidewinder's characteristic movement style is an efficient way for it to move. Photograph from age fotostock Animals walk, crawl, and slither over most of Earth, and plants thrive in places ranging from prairies to the bottoms of ponds. This abundance of life is possible because of many abiotic factors, which are the nonliving physical and chemical aspects of an ecosystem. Abiotic factors are a bit like the Little Bear's porridge in the Goldilocks' story—they have to be just right in order for life to flourish. Many animals also require a particular set of abiotic factors to thrive. Imagine a snake living in the Arizona desert. It is right at home in that dry landscape because it is able to move through loose soil and sand by twisting its body. It can also avoid the heat by hiding under rocks. Some snakes are also nocturnal—that is, they hunt and move around mostly during the night when the sun is not shining. Now imagine that someone picks up one of these desert-adapted snakes and places it on a snowy peak in the Himalayas. The Himalayas lack the abiotic factors—like an arid climate and loose soil—that the snake is adapted to, and the snake likely will not be able to survive. Humans, like other animals, also require certain abiotic factors to survive and live comfortably. For ...