Who among the following was a great mathematician and on astronaut

• [ November 30, 2022 ] The Night Sky This Month: December 2022 Night Sky • [ November 22, 2022 ] James Webb Telescope Turns Its Attention To The Kuiper Belt News & Events • [ November 1, 2022 ] The Night Sky This Month: November 2022 Night Sky • [ October 4, 2022 ] Are Wormholes Fact or Fiction? General Astronomy • [ October 1, 2022 ] The Night Sky This Month: October 2022 Night Sky Copernicus (1473-1543) was not the first person to claim that the Earth rotates around the Sun. In Western civilization, the ancient Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos is generally credited with being the first person to propose a Sun-centred hypothesis of the universe (heliocentric). In the 3rd Century B.C.E, however, Aristarchus’s astronomical model gained few supporters. Almost 18 centuries would then pass before Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) produced a fully predictive mathematical model of a heliocentric system with the Sun placed at the center of the universe. ANCIENT TIMES Yajnavalkya (9th Century BCE) Before the Golden Age of Greece, speculation that “The sun strings these worlds – the earth, the planets, the atmosphere – to himself on a thread.” This is one of the first recorded references to heliocentrism, but supporters of the idea were in the minority and Aristarchus (310BC–230 BCE) In the days of Aristarchus Unfortunately, Aristarchus’ one work that did survive from ancient times makes no mention of his heliocentric model, and so his ideas on the subjec...

facebook Email NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson is seen in 1966. (NASA via AP) Pioneering mathematician Katherine Johnson, whose calculations made Apollo 11's historic 1969 mission to the moon possible, died last week. We'll look back at her life and contributions. Guests Margot Lee Shetterly, author of the New York Times bestseller " Christine Darden, she was a "computer" at NASA's Langley Research Center. One of the "hidden figures" featured in Margot Lee Shetterly's book. Former technical leader of NASA's Sonic Boom Group. 2019 Congressional Gold Medal recipient. ( From The Reading List Hidden Figures. Copyright © 2016 by Margot Lee Shetterly. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address HarperCollins Publishers. The New York Times: " "Wielding little more than a pencil, a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country, Mrs. Johnson, who died at 101 on Monday at a retirement home in Newport News, Va., calculated the precise trajectories that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and, after Neil Armstrong’s history-making moonwalk, let it return to Earth. "A single error, she well knew, could have dire consequences for craft and crew. Her impeccable calculations had already helped plot the successful flight of Alan B. She...

How did Mae Jemison become the first African American female astronaut? After returning to the STS-47 Spacelab J became the first successful joint U.S.-Japan space mission. Jemison’s maiden space flight came with the weeklong September 1992 mission of the shuttle Endeavour. At that time she was the only African American woman astronaut. After completing her NASA mission, she formed the Jemison Group to develop and market advanced technologies.

Katherine Johnson was a NASA mathematician whose calculations helped the US get an astronaut into orbit for the first time. She also played a crucial role in calculations for the first moon landing. US astronaut John Glenn, who orbited Earth three times in 1962 before returning safely, famously insisted that the calculations behind his trajectory be double-checked by Johnson before he took off. Early life Born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, in 1918, Johnson excelled academically from an early age. She Following a brief stint working as a public school teacher, Johnson became the first African American woman admitted to graduate school at West Virginia University, enrolling in the graduate mathematics programme. Space race In 1953, Johnson started working at the all-Black West Area Computing section of the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which would later become the space agency NASA. In addition to the computing pool, the toilets and cafeteria at Langley were also racially segregated at the time. Johnson refused to use the “colored” toilets and ate lunch at her desk. Within two weeks of working at Langley, between the US and the Soviet Union was heating up. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Less than a year later, NASA was preparing for the mission that would see Glenn become the first US astronaut to orbit Earth in February 1962. The agency was relying on a network of computers, programmed with orbital ...

Enjoy more free content and benefits by creating an account Saving articles to read later requires an IEEE Spectrum account The Institute content is only available for members Downloading full PDF issues is exclusive for IEEE Members Access to Spectrum's Digital Edition is exclusive for IEEE Members Following topics is a feature exclusive for IEEE Members Adding your response to an article requires an IEEE Spectrum account Create an account to access more content and features on IEEE Spectrum, including the ability to save articles to read later, download Spectrum Collections, and participate in conversations with readers and editors. For more exclusive content and features, consider Join the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences and get access to all of Spectrum’s articles, archives, PDF downloads, and other benefits. • • • • Hidden Figures. IEEE last month recognized her work with its President’s Award, “for fundamental computational contributions to the success of American’s first and subsequent manned spaceflights, including Apollo 11.” Johnson, who turned 100 in August, was unable to travel to the ceremony. Her daughters, Katherine Goble Moore and Joylette Goble Hylick, accepted the award on her behalf at the As IEEE marks the 50th anniversary of the moon landing and spaceflight through the The Institute is highlighting IEEE members and other pioneers, like Johnson, and the technologies that helped propel the program for...

Alan Turing, in full Alan Mathison Turing, (born June 23, 1912, Early life and career The son of a civil servant, Turing was educated at a top private school. He entered the On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem [ The Entscheidungsproblem What mathematicians called an “effective” method for solving a problem was simply one that could be carried by a human mathematical clerk working by rote. In Turing’s time, those rote-workers were in fact called “computers,” and human computers carried out some aspects of the work later Entscheidungsproblem sought an effective method for solving the fundamental mathematical problem of determining exactly which mathematical statements are provable within a given formal mathematical system and which are not. A method for determining this is called a decision method. In 1936 Turing and Church independently showed that, in general, the Entscheidungsproblem problem has no resolution, proving that no consistent Entscheidungsproblem that Turing invented the universal The Church-Turing thesis An important step in Turing’s argument about the Entscheidungsproblem was the claim, now called the

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On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong landed on the moon, taking “one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” But he got there thanks to a woman, Katherine Johnson, a brilliant mathematician who calculated Apollo 11’s trajectory to the moon and back. Johnson was one of many African-American women who advanced the space race but whose fingerprints on history had been all but buried in moon dust — until recently. In “ West Area women were reminded of their inequality every time they ate lunch in the cafeteria and saw a stenciled sign reading “Colored Computers. Originally from Hampton, Va., a k a “Spacetown, USA,” Shetterly grew up hearing about these female space pioneers, many of whom studied at the historically African-American Hampton University. Her father was among the first black NASA engineers and scientists, giving her an inside view into the women’s lives — and telling their story has been nothing short of a personal mission. “What I wanted was for them to have the grand, sweeping narrative that they deserved,” Shetterly writes in her prologue, “not just because they are black, or because they are women, but because they are part of the American epic.” As a result, the story spans decades and cultural landmarks, from the launch of Sputnik to the debut of “Star Trek.” It begins in 1943, when Langley started recruiting black women mathematicians and engineers into its ranks during the war, despite pervasive Jim Crow laws. One of those women was Dorothy Vaughan ...

How did Mae Jemison become the first African American female astronaut? After returning to the STS-47 Spacelab J became the first successful joint U.S.-Japan space mission. Jemison’s maiden space flight came with the weeklong September 1992 mission of the shuttle Endeavour. At that time she was the only African American woman astronaut. After completing her NASA mission, she formed the Jemison Group to develop and market advanced technologies.

• Afrikaans • العربية • Aragonés • Asturianu • Azərbaycanca • বাংলা • Bân-lâm-gú • Беларуская • Беларуская (тарашкевіца) • भोजपुरी • Български • Bosanski • Brezhoneg • Català • Čeština • Cymraeg • Dansk • Deutsch • Eesti • Ελληνικά • Español • Esperanto • Euskara • فارسی • Français • Frysk • Gaeilge • Galego • 한국어 • Հայերեն • हिन्दी • Hrvatski • Ido • Bahasa Indonesia • Interlingua • Íslenska • Italiano • עברית • Jawa • ქართული • Қазақша • Kernowek • Kiswahili • Кыргызча • Latina • Latviešu • Lëtzebuergesch • Lietuvių • Ligure • Magyar • Македонски • Malagasy • മലയാളം • मराठी • მარგალური • مصرى • Монгол • Nederlands • नेपाल भाषा • 日本語 • Nordfriisk • Norsk bokmål • Norsk nynorsk • Occitan • Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча • ਪੰਜਾਬੀ • پنجابی • Piemontèis • Plattdüütsch • Polski • Português • Română • Русский • Саха тыла • संस्कृतम् • Scots • Sicilianu • Simple English • Slovenčina • Slovenščina • کوردی • Српски / srpski • Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски • Suomi • Svenska • Tagalog • தமிழ் • Taqbaylit • Татарча / tatarça • ไทย • Türkçe • Українська • Tiếng Việt • Volapük • Winaray • 吴语 • ייִדיש • 粵語 • Žemaitėška • 中文 Nationality Danish Almamater Occupation(s) Knownfor Spouse Kirsten Barbara Jørgensdatter Children 8 Parent(s) Signature Tycho Brahe ( ˈ t aɪ k oʊ ˈ b r ɑː( h) i, -( h) ə)/ TY-koh BRAH-(h)ee, -⁠(h)ə); born Tyge Ottesen Brahe, generally called Tycho; In 1572, Tycho noticed a completely An heir to several noble families, Tycho was well-educated. He worked to combine what he saw ...