Who is the father of computer security

The I’M THE CREEPER: CATCH ME IF YOU CAN .” A man named Ray Tomlinson ( yes, the same guy who invented email) saw this idea and liked it. He tinkered with the program and made it self-replicating—the first computer worm. Then he wrote another program—Reaper, the first antivirus software—which would chase Creeper and delete it. It’s funny to look back from where we are now, in an era of ransomware , fileless malware , and nation-state attacks , and realize that the antecedents to this problem were less harmful than simple graffiti. How did we get from there to here? From an Academic Beginning, a Quick Turn to Criminality First of all, let’s be clear—for much of the 70s and 80s, threats to computer security were clear and present. But, these threats were in the form of malicious insiders reading documents they shouldn’t. The practice of computer security revolving around governance risk and compliance (GRC) therefore evolved separately from the history of computer security software. (Anyone remember the Orange Books?) Network breaches and malware did exist and were used for malicious ends and cybercrime during the early history of computers, however. The Russians, for example, quickly began to deploy cyberpower as a weapon. In 1986, the German computer hacker Marcus Hess hacked an internet gateway in Berkeley, and used that connection to piggyback on the Arpanet. He hacked 400 military computers, including mainframes at the Pentagon, with the intent of selling their secrets ...

Cybersecurity is becoming increasingly significant due to the increased reliance on computer systems, the Internet and wireless network standards such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, and due to the growth of smart devices and the various devices that constitute the ‘Internet of things’. Owing to its complexity, both in terms of politics and technology, cybersecurity is also one of the major challenges in the contemporary world. Where did it all begin? We take a look at the history of cybersecurity from inception to the present day. 1970s: ARAPNET and the Creeper Cybersecurity began in the 1970s when researcher Bob Thomas created a computer programme called Creeper that could move across ARPANET’s network, leaving a breadcrumb trail wherever it went. Ray Tomlinson, the inventor of email, wrote the programme Reaper, which chased and deleted Creeper. Reaper was the very first example of antivirus software and the first self-replicating programme, making it the first-ever computer worm. 1980s: Birth of the commercial antivirus 1987 was the birth year of commercial antivirus although there were competing claims for the innovator of the first antivirus product. Andreas Lüning and Kai Figge released their first antivirus product for the Atari ST – which also saw the release of Ultimate Virus Killer in 1987. Three Czechoslovakians created the first version of the NOD antivirus in the same year and in the US, John McAfee founded McAfee and released VirusScan. 1990s: The world goes online W...

The calculating engines of English mathematician Charles Babbage (1791-1871) are among the most celebrated icons in the prehistory of computing. Babbage’s Difference Engine No.1 was the first successful automatic calculator and remains one of the finest examples of precision engineering of the time. Babbage is sometimes referred to as "father of computing." The International Charles Babbage Society (later the Charles Babbage Institute) took his name to honor his intellectual contributions and their relation to modern computers. Biography Charles Babbage was born on December 26, 1791, the son of Benjamin Babbage, a London banker. As a youth Babbage was his own instructor in algebra, of which he was passionately fond, and was well read in the continental mathematics of his day. Upon entering Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1811, he found himself far in advance of his tutors in mathematics. Babbage co-founded the Analytical Society for promoting continental mathematics and reforming the mathematics of Newton then taught at the university. In his twenties Babbage worked as a mathematician, principally in the calculus of functions. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1816 and played a prominent part in the foundation of the Astronomical Society (later Royal Astronomical Society) in 1820. It was about this time that Babbage first acquired the interest in calculating machinery that became his consuming passion for the remainder of his life. In 1821 Babbage invented the...

Table of Contents • • • • • Father of computer science The father of computer science is a person named Alan Turing. He was born in 1912 and died in 1954, but he made significant contributions to the field before his death. He is considered one of the most important mathematicians of all time and is known for his invention of the machine called “The Turing Machine,” which allowed computers to calculate complex mathematical problems. The invention of computer science has had many benefits for society because it allows for quicker processing speeds, increased storage capabilities, and faster communications between computers. This has led to many new innovations, such as virtual reality headsets, which allow users to immerse themselves in a virtual world by wearing a head-mounted display device connected by wires or via wireless technology; this would not be possible if it wasn’t for computer science inventions like these. Theories of Alan Turing’s The theory of computability is one of the most influential concepts in computer science. It has helped to establish the field, and it has also been instrumental in helping us understand how computers work at a fundamental level. Turing’s theory of computability states that there are problems that are beyond our ability to solve using only written instructions. In other words, these problems will always be “incomputable.” This was a revolutionary idea at the time it was first proposed—it meant that there were things about the world ...

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In 1986, Cliff Stoll’s boss at Lawrence Berkeley National Labs tasked him with getting to the bottom of a 75-cent accounting discrepancy in the lab’s computer network, which was rented out to remote users by the minute. Stoll, 36, investigated the source of that minuscule anomaly, pulling on it like a loose thread until it led to a shocking culprit: a hacker in the system. Stoll then spent the next year of his life following that hacker’s footprints across the lab’s network and the nascent internet. In doing so, he revealed a vast web of similar intrusions into military and government agencies carried out by a group of young German hackers, eventually revealed to have been working in the service of the Soviet KGB. The story that Stoll unraveled from that tiny initial clue, which he published in late 1989 as a kind of digital detective memoir, The Cuckoo’s Egg, turned out to be the very first known case of state-sponsored hacking—a tale far bigger than he could have ever imagined when he began hunting those three quarters missing from his lab’s ledger. Today, that story has taken on a larger life still. As The Cuckoo’s Egg hits its 30th anniversary, the book has sold more than 1 million copies. And for a smaller core of cybersecurity practitioners within that massive readership, it’s become a kind of legend: the ur-narrative of a lone hacker hunter, a text that has inspired an entire generation of network defenders chasing their own anomalies through a vastly larger, infini...

From the 1940s to the present, discover how cybercrime and cybersecurity have developed to become what we know today Many species evolve in parallel, each seeking a competitive edge over the other. As This arms race has been going on since the 1950s, and this article explains the evolution of • • • • • • • • 1940s: The time before crime For nearly two decades after the creation of the world’s first digital computer in 1943, carrying out cyberattacks was tricky. Access to the giant electronic machines was limited to small numbers of people and they weren’t networked – only a few people knew how to work them so the threat was almost non-existent. Interestingly, the theory underlying 1950s: The phone phreaks The technological and subcultural roots of In the late 1950s, ‘phone phreaking’ emerged. The term captures several methods that ‘phreaks’ – people with a particular interest in the workings of phones – used to hijack the protocols that allowed telecoms engineers to work on the network remotely to make free calls and avoid long-distance tolls. Sadly for the phone companies, there was no way of stopping the phreaks, although the practice eventually died out in the 1980s. The phreaks had become a community, even issuing newsletters, and included technological trailblazers like Apple’s founders Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. The mold was set for digital technology. IgorGolovniov / 1960s: All quiet on the Western Front The first-ever reference to malicious hacking was in the Ma...

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The I’M THE CREEPER: CATCH ME IF YOU CAN .” A man named Ray Tomlinson ( yes, the same guy who invented email) saw this idea and liked it. He tinkered with the program and made it self-replicating—the first computer worm. Then he wrote another program—Reaper, the first antivirus software—which would chase Creeper and delete it. It’s funny to look back from where we are now, in an era of ransomware , fileless malware , and nation-state attacks , and realize that the antecedents to this problem were less harmful than simple graffiti. How did we get from there to here? From an Academic Beginning, a Quick Turn to Criminality First of all, let’s be clear—for much of the 70s and 80s, threats to computer security were clear and present. But, these threats were in the form of malicious insiders reading documents they shouldn’t. The practice of computer security revolving around governance risk and compliance (GRC) therefore evolved separately from the history of computer security software. (Anyone remember the Orange Books?) Network breaches and malware did exist and were used for malicious ends and cybercrime during the early history of computers, however. The Russians, for example, quickly began to deploy cyberpower as a weapon. In 1986, the German computer hacker Marcus Hess hacked an internet gateway in Berkeley, and used that connection to piggyback on the Arpanet. He hacked 400 military computers, including mainframes at the Pentagon, with the intent of selling their secrets ...

In 1986, Cliff Stoll’s boss at Lawrence Berkeley National Labs tasked him with getting to the bottom of a 75-cent accounting discrepancy in the lab’s computer network, which was rented out to remote users by the minute. Stoll, 36, investigated the source of that minuscule anomaly, pulling on it like a loose thread until it led to a shocking culprit: a hacker in the system. Stoll then spent the next year of his life following that hacker’s footprints across the lab’s network and the nascent internet. In doing so, he revealed a vast web of similar intrusions into military and government agencies carried out by a group of young German hackers, eventually revealed to have been working in the service of the Soviet KGB. The story that Stoll unraveled from that tiny initial clue, which he published in late 1989 as a kind of digital detective memoir, The Cuckoo’s Egg, turned out to be the very first known case of state-sponsored hacking—a tale far bigger than he could have ever imagined when he began hunting those three quarters missing from his lab’s ledger. Today, that story has taken on a larger life still. As The Cuckoo’s Egg hits its 30th anniversary, the book has sold more than 1 million copies. And for a smaller core of cybersecurity practitioners within that massive readership, it’s become a kind of legend: the ur-narrative of a lone hacker hunter, a text that has inspired an entire generation of network defenders chasing their own anomalies through a vastly larger, infini...