Who is the proponent of advaita philosophy

Historiography [ ] The historiography of Advaita Vedanta is coloured by Orientalist notions, In the Orientalist view, the medieval Muslim period was a time of stagnation and cultural degeneration, in which the original purity of the Upanisadic teachings, systematized by philosophers like Shankara, was lost. In this view, "the genuine achievements of Indian civilization" were recovered during the British colonial rule of India, due to the efforts of western Indologists, who viewed Advaita Vedanta as the authentic philosophy of the Upanishads, and Shankara as its greatest exponent. Early Vedanta [ ] The The Vedānta Sutra, Sutra must have been in existence much earlier than that". From the way in which Bādarāyana cites the views of others it is obvious that the teachings of the Upanishads must have been analyzed and interpreted by quite a few before him and that his systematization of them in 555 sutras arranged in four chapters must have been the last attempt, most probably the best. Early Advaita Vedānta [ ] Of the Vedānta-school before the composition of the Vākyapadīya, written by Māndūkya-kārikā written by According to Nakamura, "there must have been an enormous number of other writings turned out in this period [between the Brahma Sutras and Shankara], but unfortunately all of them have been scattered or lost and have not come down to us today". The names of various important early Vedānta thinkers have been listed in the Yatīndramatadīpikā by Śrīnivāsa-dāsa. Sannyasa U...

The main exponent of Advaita philosophy was Adi Shankara who lived some 1200 years ago. He is regarded by many as India’s foremost philosopher and thinker. The word Advaita means ‘not two’. The emphasis is on the unity between people and throughout the whole universe. That unity is not seen at the physical or worldly level of actions, but may be experienced in the underlying level of feelings and emotion. Advaita philosophy provides a practical way of finding freedom from the limits and movements which often affect the mind, and it provides profound insight into the reality of our existence. It also helps with the knowledge of how to live harmoniously and justly in the world. Advaita philosophy is not a religion and requires no conversion. In practice it is seen to help people come to a fuller understanding of their own religion and traditions. Adi Shankara established a tradition of teachers to hold and pass on this timeless wisdom. It continues to offer freedom, happiness, knowledge and love to all. Donald Lambie

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The classical Indian philosophy of Advaita Vedānta articulates a philosophical position of radical nondualism, a revisionary worldview which it derives from the ancient Upaniṣadic texts. According to Advaita Vedāntins, the Upaniṣads reveal a fundamental principle of nonduality termed “ brahman,” which is the reality of all things. Advaitins understand brahman as transcending individuality and empirical plurality. They seek to establish that the essential core of one’s self ( ātman) is brahman. The fundamental thrust of Advaita Vedānta is that the ātman is pure non-intentional consciousness. It is one without a second, nondual, infinite existence, and numerically identical with brahman. This effort entails tying a metaphysics of brahman to a philosophy of consciousness. This philosophical tradition finds its most sustained early articulation in the works of the preeminent Advaita Vedāntin, Śaṅkarācārya (hereafter Śaṅkara), who flourished during the eighth century CE. Śaṅkara endeavored to communicate nonduality through systematized theories of metaphysics, language, and epistemology. He also incorporated specific methods of philosophical teaching, along with learning methods of listening, reflection, and contemplation. His philosophy and methods comprise a teaching tradition intended to culminate in a direct liberating recognition of nonduality that is synonymous with liberation or freedom ( mokṣa). Śaṅkara is one of the most widely known and influential Indian philosophers...

This is the message of Vedanta: “What is that which, by being known, everything else becomes known.” We often hear the word "Vedanta" in yoga classes, meditation groups, and spiritual gatherings. What is Vedanta, and where does it come from? "Veda" means complete knowledge and "anta" means end. Simply put, Vedanta means the culmination of Vedic wisdom or the final step on our spiritual journey. We don’t know how old the Vedas are or who wrote them. It’s said that God revealed the true knowledge of the entire creation to enlightened saints while they were deep in meditation. The Vedas are therefore said to be Shruti, Divine Knowledge, or knowledge that is heard from a divine source rather than learned from a book. These saints then brought these eternal truths out to the world in the form of Sanskrit hymns and chants, which continue to be passed down and recited even now. The Four Vedas • Rig Veda is mainly composed of joyful songs praising the divinity of nature. This is the primary Veda, said to contain the knowledge of all the others. • Sama Veda, sometimes referred to as the Veda of Chants or knowledge of chants, is comprised of text primarily from the Rig Veda, set to various melodies. Indian classical music and dance have their roots in the Sama Veda. • Yajur Veda gives instructions for the correct performance of sacred offerings, which allow participants to direct the forces of nature for their benefit and well-being. • Atharva Veda contains formulas, spells, and gui...

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Shankara, also called Shankaracharya, (born 700?, Kaladi village?, India—died 750?, Kedarnath), philosopher and theologian, most renowned exponent of the Brahma-sutra, the principal Sources and birth date There are at least 11 works that profess to be biographies of Shankara. All were composed several centuries later than the time of Shankara and are filled with legendary stories and incredible Philosophy 101 Early life According to one tradition, Shankara was born into a pious Mandukya-karika, in which the influence of A tradition says that Later life and thought Biographers narrate that Shankara first went to brahman as the only means to final release, and followers of the Mimamsa school, which emphasized the performance of ordained duty and the Vedic rituals. Shankara was active in a politically chaotic age. He would not teach his doctrine to city dwellers. The power of Buddhism was still strong in the cities, though already declining, and sannyasins and Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It is very likely that Shankara had many pupils, but only four are known (from their writings): Padmapada, Sureshvara, Totaka (or Trotaka), and Hastamalaka. Shankara is said to have founded four monasteries, at Shringeri (south), Puri (east), Dvaraka (west), and Badarinatha (north), probably following the Buddhist monastery ( vihara) system. Their foundation was one of the most significant factors in the development of his teachings into the lea...

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Advaita Vedanta Advaita Vedānta is one version of Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • It is possible that an Advaita tradition existed in the early part of the first millennium C.E., as indicated by Śaṅkara himself with his reference to tradition ( sampradāya). But the only two names that could have some historical certainty are Gaudapāda and Govinda Bhagavadpāda, mentioned as Śaṅkara’s teacher’s teacher and the latter Śaṅkara’s teacher. The first complete Advaitic work is considered to be the Mandukya Kārikā, a commentary on the Mandukya Upanṣad, authored by Gaudapāda. Śaṅkara, as many scholars believe, lived in the eight century. His life, travel, and works, as we understand from the digvijaya texts are almost of a superhuman quality. Though he lived only for 32 years, Śaṅkara’s accomplishments included traveling from the south to the north of India, writing commentaries for the ten Upaniṣads, the cryptic Brahma Sūtra, the Bhagavad Gītā, and authoring many other texts (though his authorship of only some is established), and founding four pītas, or centers of (Advaitic) excellence, with his pupils in charge. Śaṅkara is supposed to have had four (prominent) pupils: Padmapāda, Sureśvara, Hastamalaka and Toṭaka. Padmapāda is said to be his earliest student. Panchapadika, by Padmapāda, is a lucid commentary on Śaṅkara’s commentary on the first verses of the Brahma Sūtra. Sureśvara is supposed to have written Naiṣkarmya Siddhi, an independent treatise on Advaita. Mandana Miśra...