Acid fast bacteria examples

https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FMicrobiology%2FMicrobiology_(Kaiser)%2FUnit_1%253A_Introduction_to_Microbiology_and_Prokaryotic_Cell_Anatomy%2F2%253A_The_Prokaryotic_Cell_-_Bacteria%2F2.3%253A_The_Peptidoglycan_Cell_Wall%2F2.3C%253A_The_Acid-Fast_Cell_Wall \( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • Fundamental Statements for this Learning Object: In this section on Prokaryotic Cell Anatomy we are looking at the various anatomical parts that make up a bacterium. As mentioned in the introduction to this section, a typical bacterium usually consists of: • a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a peptidoglycan cell wall and maybe an outer membrane; • a fluid cytoplasm containing a nuclear region (nucleoid) and numerous ribosomes; and • often various external structures such as a glycocalyx, flagella, and pili. There are three primary types of bacterial cell wall: Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and acid-fast. We will now look at the acid-fast cell wall. Acid-fast bacteria stain poorly with the Gram stain procedure, appearing weakly Gram-positive or Gram-variable. They are usually characterized using the acid-fast staining procedure. As mentioned in the previous section on peptidoglycan, bacteria with an acid-fast cell wall resist decolorization with an acid-alcohol mixture during the acid-fast staining procedure , retain the initial dye carbol fuchsin and appear red (Figure \(\PageIndex\) : (left) Scanning Electron Mic...

Acid-fastness is a physical property of certain acid-fast. The mechanisms of acid-fastness vary by species, although the most well-known example is in the genus Mycobacteria is due to the high Acid-fast organisms are difficult to characterize using standard microbiological techniques, though they can be stained using concentrated dyes, particularly when the staining process is combined with heat. Some, such as Mycobacteria, can be stained with the The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is the Mycobacteria can also be visualized by [ citation needed] Some acid-fast staining techniques [ ] • • • For color blind people (or in backgrounds where detecting red bacteria is difficult), • Various bacterial spore staining techniques using Kenyon e.g. • • Dorner's method • Detergent method, using Tergitol 7, nonionic • • • • • • Notable acid-fast structures [ ] Very few structures are acid-fast; this makes staining for acid-fastness particularly useful in diagnosis. The following are notable examples of structures which are acid-fast or modified acid-fast: • All M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, M. smegmatis and atypical Mycobacterium • Streptomyces do NOT have); not to be confused with • Nocardia (weakly acid-fast; resists decolorization with weaker acid concentrations) • • • • • Head of • Bacterial spores, see • • Certain cellular inclusions e.g. • Cytoplasmic • Neurons in layer 5 of cerebral cortex • Nuclear inclusion bodies seen in • • Bismuth poisoning....

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • Learning Objectives • Describe the difference between acid-fast bacteria and non-acid-fast bacteria. • Explain how the acid-fast stain works comparing acid-fast and non-acid fast bacteria. • Identify the genera of bacteria that are acid-fast and two examples of diseases caused by these species. • Differentiate the cell wall structures of acid-fast and non-acid fast bacteria. • Successfully execute an acid-fast stain and interpret the results. Acid Fast Stain Acid fast stain is a differential stain used to identify acid-fast organisms such as members of the genus Mycobacterium. Acid-fast microorganisms are characterized by wax-like, nearly impermeable cell walls; they contain mycolic acid and large amounts of fatty acids, waxes, and complex lipids. This type of cell wall is resistant to most compounds, therefore acid-fast microorganisms require a special staining technique. The ability of the bacteria to resist decolorization with acid-alcohol confers acid-fastness to the bacterium. Acid-fast bacteria, of which there are very few---the major genus Mycobacterium, have a high concentration of mycolic acid, a lipid, in their cell walls. Although difficult to stain, once the stain goes into the cell wall, the cell will not de-stain or decolorize easily. The ability of the bacteria to resist decolorization with acid-alcohol confers acid-fastness to the bacterium. The phenol in the carbol fuchsin facilitates the dye going into the waxy wall of the b...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • Learning Objectives • Describe the difference between acid-fast bacteria and non-acid-fast bacteria. • Explain how the acid-fast stain works comparing acid-fast and non-acid fast bacteria. • Identify the genera of bacteria that are acid-fast and two examples of diseases caused by these species. • Differentiate the cell wall structures of acid-fast and non-acid fast bacteria. • Successfully execute an acid-fast stain and interpret the results. Acid Fast Stain Acid fast stain is a differential stain used to identify acid-fast organisms such as members of the genus Mycobacterium. Acid-fast microorganisms are characterized by wax-like, nearly impermeable cell walls; they contain mycolic acid and large amounts of fatty acids, waxes, and complex lipids. This type of cell wall is resistant to most compounds, therefore acid-fast microorganisms require a special staining technique. The ability of the bacteria to resist decolorization with acid-alcohol confers acid-fastness to the bacterium. Acid-fast bacteria, of which there are very few---the major genus Mycobacterium, have a high concentration of mycolic acid, a lipid, in their cell walls. Although difficult to stain, once the stain goes into the cell wall, the cell will not de-stain or decolorize easily. The ability of the bacteria to resist decolorization with acid-alcohol confers acid-fastness to the bacterium. The phenol in the carbol fuchsin facilitates the dye going into the waxy wall of the ...

Acid-fastness is a physical property of certain acid-fast. The mechanisms of acid-fastness vary by species, although the most well-known example is in the genus Mycobacteria is due to the high Acid-fast organisms are difficult to characterize using standard microbiological techniques, though they can be stained using concentrated dyes, particularly when the staining process is combined with heat. Some, such as Mycobacteria, can be stained with the The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is the Mycobacteria can also be visualized by [ citation needed] Some acid-fast staining techniques [ ] • • • For color blind people (or in backgrounds where detecting red bacteria is difficult), • Various bacterial spore staining techniques using Kenyon e.g. • • Dorner's method • Detergent method, using Tergitol 7, nonionic • • • • • • Notable acid-fast structures [ ] Very few structures are acid-fast; this makes staining for acid-fastness particularly useful in diagnosis. The following are notable examples of structures which are acid-fast or modified acid-fast: • All M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, M. smegmatis and atypical Mycobacterium • Streptomyces do NOT have); not to be confused with • Nocardia (weakly acid-fast; resists decolorization with weaker acid concentrations) • • • • • Head of • Bacterial spores, see • • Certain cellular inclusions e.g. • Cytoplasmic • Neurons in layer 5 of cerebral cortex • Nuclear inclusion bodies seen in • • Bismuth poisoning....

https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FMicrobiology%2FMicrobiology_(Kaiser)%2FUnit_1%253A_Introduction_to_Microbiology_and_Prokaryotic_Cell_Anatomy%2F2%253A_The_Prokaryotic_Cell_-_Bacteria%2F2.3%253A_The_Peptidoglycan_Cell_Wall%2F2.3C%253A_The_Acid-Fast_Cell_Wall \( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • Fundamental Statements for this Learning Object: In this section on Prokaryotic Cell Anatomy we are looking at the various anatomical parts that make up a bacterium. As mentioned in the introduction to this section, a typical bacterium usually consists of: • a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a peptidoglycan cell wall and maybe an outer membrane; • a fluid cytoplasm containing a nuclear region (nucleoid) and numerous ribosomes; and • often various external structures such as a glycocalyx, flagella, and pili. There are three primary types of bacterial cell wall: Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and acid-fast. We will now look at the acid-fast cell wall. Acid-fast bacteria stain poorly with the Gram stain procedure, appearing weakly Gram-positive or Gram-variable. They are usually characterized using the acid-fast staining procedure. As mentioned in the previous section on peptidoglycan, bacteria with an acid-fast cell wall resist decolorization with an acid-alcohol mixture during the acid-fast staining procedure , retain the initial dye carbol fuchsin and appear red (Figure \(\PageIndex\) : (left) Scanning Electron Mic...

At a Glance Why Get Tested? To help diagnose tuberculosis (TB) and infections caused by other Mycobacterium species, which are known as acid-fast bacilli (AFB), in people at risk of developing mycobacterial infections; to monitor the effectiveness of treatment When To Get Tested? When you have signs and symptoms of a lung infection, such as a chronic cough, weight loss, fever, chills, and weakness, that may be due to TB or a nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection; when you have a positive Sample Required? For suspected cases of tuberculosis lung infections, usually three sputum samples are collected early in the morning on different days. Ifyou are unable to produce sputum, a bronchoscope may be used to collect fluid during a procedure called a bronchoscopy. In children, gastric washings/aspirates may be collected. Depending on symptoms, urine, an aspirate from the site of suspected infection, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), other body fluids, or biopsied tissue samples may be collected for AFB testing. Test Preparation Needed? None What is being tested? Most samples that are submitted for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) testing are collected because the health care practitioner suspects that a person hastuberculosis (TB), a lung infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Mycobacteriaare called acid-fast bacilli because they are a group of rod-shapedbacteria(bacilli) that can be seen under the microscope following a staining procedure where the bacteria retain the color of th...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • Learning Objectives • Describe the difference between acid-fast bacteria and non-acid-fast bacteria. • Explain how the acid-fast stain works comparing acid-fast and non-acid fast bacteria. • Identify the genera of bacteria that are acid-fast and two examples of diseases caused by these species. • Differentiate the cell wall structures of acid-fast and non-acid fast bacteria. • Successfully execute an acid-fast stain and interpret the results. Acid Fast Stain Acid fast stain is a differential stain used to identify acid-fast organisms such as members of the genus Mycobacterium. Acid-fast microorganisms are characterized by wax-like, nearly impermeable cell walls; they contain mycolic acid and large amounts of fatty acids, waxes, and complex lipids. This type of cell wall is resistant to most compounds, therefore acid-fast microorganisms require a special staining technique. The ability of the bacteria to resist decolorization with acid-alcohol confers acid-fastness to the bacterium. Acid-fast bacteria, of which there are very few---the major genus Mycobacterium, have a high concentration of mycolic acid, a lipid, in their cell walls. Although difficult to stain, once the stain goes into the cell wall, the cell will not de-stain or decolorize easily. The ability of the bacteria to resist decolorization with acid-alcohol confers acid-fastness to the bacterium. The phenol in the carbol fuchsin facilitates the dye going into the waxy wall of the b...

https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FMicrobiology%2FMicrobiology_(Kaiser)%2FUnit_1%253A_Introduction_to_Microbiology_and_Prokaryotic_Cell_Anatomy%2F2%253A_The_Prokaryotic_Cell_-_Bacteria%2F2.3%253A_The_Peptidoglycan_Cell_Wall%2F2.3C%253A_The_Acid-Fast_Cell_Wall \( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • Fundamental Statements for this Learning Object: In this section on Prokaryotic Cell Anatomy we are looking at the various anatomical parts that make up a bacterium. As mentioned in the introduction to this section, a typical bacterium usually consists of: • a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a peptidoglycan cell wall and maybe an outer membrane; • a fluid cytoplasm containing a nuclear region (nucleoid) and numerous ribosomes; and • often various external structures such as a glycocalyx, flagella, and pili. There are three primary types of bacterial cell wall: Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and acid-fast. We will now look at the acid-fast cell wall. Acid-fast bacteria stain poorly with the Gram stain procedure, appearing weakly Gram-positive or Gram-variable. They are usually characterized using the acid-fast staining procedure. As mentioned in the previous section on peptidoglycan, bacteria with an acid-fast cell wall resist decolorization with an acid-alcohol mixture during the acid-fast staining procedure , retain the initial dye carbol fuchsin and appear red (Figure \(\PageIndex\) : (left) Scanning Electron Mi...