Anatomy of brain

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• Spinothalamic: This tract runs at the outer portion of the brainstem, relaying messages of sensation that originate in sensory nerves to the spinal cord, through the brainstem, and to the thalamus in the cerebral cortex. • Corticospinal: This tract runs medially, near the center of the brainstem, sending messages from the motor portion of the cerebral cortex through the brainstem, to the spinal cord, and eventually to the muscles to control movement. • Spinocerebellar: This tract runs in the lateral portion of the brainstem, relaying messages between the cerebellum and the spinal cord to regulate the body’s position. • Movement: The substantia nigra and red nucleus in the midbrain interact with the basal ganglia in the cerebral hemispheres to help control movement. • Autonomic functions: The medulla contains nuclei that maintain functions like breathing and regulation of cardiovascular function. • Sleep and consciousness: The reticular formation, a group of nerves that extends throughout the brainstem, interacts with the cerebral cortex to mediate states of arousal. • Brainstem stroke: A stroke is brain damage that occurs due to interrupted blood flow. This can occur as a result of severe narrowing of the blood vessels or it may occur when a blood clot travels to the blood vessels of the brainstem, obstructing blood flow. • Some of the subtypes of brainstem stroke include lateral medullary syndrome, • Multiple sclerosis (MS): The white matter of the brainstem can be affe...

Synonyms: Brain cortex, Cortical grey matter The cerebral cortex (cortex of the brain) is the outer grey matter layer that completely covers the surface of the two cerebral hemispheres. It is about 2 to 4 mm thick and contains an aggregation of nerve cell bodies. This layer is thrown into complex folds, with elevations called sulci. The cerebral cortex is quite distinct from the cerebral hemispheres (right and left), the largest part of the brain. The cerebrum consists of the outer grey matter (cerebral cortex), an inner mass of white matter made up of The cerebral cortex is organized into distinct functional areas made up of sensory, motor and association areas. It has a broad range of functions including perception and awareness of sensory information, planning, and initiation of motor activity. It also plays a key role in higher cognitive functions, such as decision making, motivation, attention, learning, memory, problem-solving, and conceptual thinking. This article will discuss the Key facts about the cerebral cortex Definition Outer gray matter layer of the cerebral hemispheres Lobes Each hemisphere is divided into six lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular and limbic. Principal sulci Lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) : Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes Central sulcus: Divides the frontal and parietal lobes Parietooccipital sulcus: Separates the parietal and occipital lobes Cingulate sulcus: Separates the limbic lobe from...

Anatomy of the Brain What is the central nervous system (CNS)? The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is an important organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger, and every process that regulates our body. The brain determines your personality and how you interact with the environment, including other people. This defines who you are. What are the different parts of the brain? The brain can be divided into the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum: • Cerebrum. This is the front of the brain. It is made up of the right and left hemispheres, which are joined by the corpus callosum. The cerebrum controls: initiation of movement, coordination of movement, temperature, touch, vision, hearing, judgment, reasoning, problem solving, emotions, and learning. The cerebrum is responsible for communication (speaking and writing), memory, abstract thought, and appreciation for music and art. • Brainstem. This is the middle of the brain. It includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. The brainstem controls movement of the eyes, face, and mouth. It also relays sensory messages (such as hot, pain, and loud) and controls respirations, consciousness, cardiac function, involuntary muscle movements, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing. • Cerebellum. This is the back of the brain. It coordinates voluntary muscle movements and helps to maintain posture, balance, and equilibrium. More specifically, other ...

• The forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain are the three main parts of the brain. • The forebrain has two major parts called the diencephalon and the telencephalon. The forebrain is responsible for a number of functions related to thinking, perceiving, and evaluating sensory information. • The midbrain, also called the mesencephalon, connects the hindbrain and the forebrain. It is associated with motor functions and auditory and visual responses. • The hindbrain contains both the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. The hindbrain is associated with balance and equilibrium and the coordination of movement along with autonomic functions like our breathing and our heart rate. • Both the midbrain and the hindbrain make up the brainstem. Brain Divisions The forebrain is the Bailey, Regina. "Anatomy of the Brain." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/anatomy-of-the-brain-373479. Bailey, Regina. (2023, April 5). Anatomy of the Brain. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/anatomy-of-the-brain-373479 Bailey, Regina. "Anatomy of the Brain." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/anatomy-of-the-brain-373479 (accessed June 15, 2023).

The site navigation utilizes arrow, enter, escape, and space bar key commands. Left and right arrows move across top level links and expand / close menus in sub levels. Up and Down arrows will open main level menus and toggle through sub tier links. Enter and space open menus and escape closes them as well. Tab will move on to the next part of the site rather than go through menu items. MENU • Membership The brain serves many important functions. It gives meaning to things that happen in the world surrounding us. Through the five senses of sight, smell, hearing, touch and taste, the brain receives messages, often many at the same time. The brain controls thoughts, memory and speech, arm and leg movements and the function of many organs within the body. It also determines how people respond to stressful situations (i.e. writing of an exam, loss of a job, birth of a child, illness, etc.) by regulating heart and breathing rates. The brain is an organized structure, divided into many components that serve specific and important functions. The weight of the brain changes from birth through adulthood. At birth, the average brain weighs about one pound, and grows to about two pounds during childhood. The average weight of an adult female brain is about 2.7 pounds, while the brain of an adult male weighs about three pounds. The Nervous System The nervous system is commonly divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is made...

Meninges are three membranes layers that cover and protect your brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). These membranes — the dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater — protect and anchor your brain and provide a support system for blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds your central nervous system. Overview The Three Layers of Meninges What are meninges? Meninges are three layers of membranes that cover and protect your brain and spinal cord (your central nervous system [CNS]). They’re known as: • Dura mater: This is the outer layer, closest to your skull. • Arachnoid mater: This is the middle layer. • Pia mater: This is the inner layer, closest to your brain tissue. Together, the arachnoid mater and pia mater are called leptomeninges. There are three spaces within the meninges: • The epidural space is a space between your skull and dura mater and the dura mater of your spinal cord and the bones of your vertebral column. Analgesics (pain medicine) and anesthesia are sometimes injected into this space along your spine. The spinal cord ends between the first and second lumbar vertebra in the middle of your back, at which point, only cerebrospinal fluid is present. This is the site where a • The subdural space is a space between your dura mater and your arachnoid mater. Under normal conditions, this space isn’t a space, but can be opened if there’s trauma to your brain (such as a brain bleed) or other medical condition. • The sub...