Anoxia class 12 chemistry

Stagnant anoxia occurs when there is interference with the blood flow, although the blood and its oxygen-carrying abilities are normal. A common cause of general stagnant anoxia is heart disease or interference with the return of blood flow through the veins. Examples of local stagnant anoxia include exposure to cold, diseases that restrict circulation to the extremities, and ergot Causes and symptoms No matter what the cause of anoxia, the symptoms are similar. In severe cases, the patient is often confused and commonly stuperous or comatose (in a state of unconsciousness). Depending on the severity of the injury to the brain, the organ most sensitive to reduced oxygen intake, this condition can persist for hours, days, weeks, or even months or years. Seizures, myoclonic jerks (involuntary muscle spasms or twitches), and neck stiffness are some other symptoms of the anoxic condition. Diagnosis of anoxia and hypoxia is commonly made through the appearance of clinical symptoms. However, suspected reduction in oxygen reaching the tissues can be confirmed using laboratory tests. The exact test that is performed is dependent on the suspected cause of the anoxia. One systemic measure of tissue anoxia is the serum lactate (lactic acid) test. When cells are forced to produce energy without oxygen, as would happen during anoxia, lactic acid is one of the byproducts. Thus, an increase in lactic acid in the blood would indicate that tissues were starved for oxygen and are using non-...

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\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • • The Bends is an illness that arises from the rapid release of nitrogen gas from the bloodstream and is caused by bubbles forming in the blood and other tissues when a diver ascends to the surface of the ocean too rapidly. It is also referred to as Caisson sickness, decompression sickness (DCS), and Divers' Disease. Introduction As divers descend into the ocean, the external pressure on their bodies increases by about 1 atm every 10.06 m. To balance this it is necessary to increase the pressure of the air they breathe from tanks or pumped to them from the surface so that their chests and lungs do not collapse. Unfortunately, our bodies aren't used to the pressurized air (because we normally breathe air under normal atmospheric conditions). With higher air pressure in the lungs Henry's Law tells us that gases such as nitrogen, helium (when used in diving gas mixtures) and oxygen become increasingly soluble in the blood. Unlike oxygen which is metabolized, nitrogen and helium build up throughout the body When divers want to emerge from the water, they have to make sure they don't ascend to the surface level too quickly because they risk numerous bubbles forming as the nitrogen/helium re-equilibrates, much as when a pressurized bottle of soda is suddenly opened. When nitrogen (N 2) gas forms bubbles, it accumulates and saturates the muscles and blood, causing pain. Called the Bends, this condition can also cause injuries involving the nerv...

Anoxia results when oxygen is not being delivered to a part of the body. If the condition does not involve total oxygen deprivation, it is often called hypoxia, although the two terms have been used interchangeably. A related condition, anoxemia, occurs when the blood circulates but contains a below normal amount of oxygen. The five types of anoxia or hypoxia include hypoxemic, anemic, affinity, stagnant, and histotoxic. Hypoxemic anoxia happens when the oxygen pressure outside the body is so low that the hemoglobin, the chemical which carries oxygen in the red blood cells (RBCs), is unable to become fully loaded with the gas. This results in too little oxygen reaching the tissues and can occur in suffocation when a person is at high altitude, where the pressure of oxygen in the air is much less than at sea level. Anemic anoxia results from a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin or RBCs in the blood, which reduces the ability to get oxygen to the tissues. Anemia may result from lack of production of red blood cells (iron deficiency), blood loss (hemorrhage), or shortened lifespan of red blood cells (autoimmune disease). Affinity anoxia involves a defect in the chemistry of the blood such that the hemoglobin can no longer pick up as much oxygen from the air, even though the quantities are normal, reducing how much is delivered to the tissues. Stagnant anoxia occurs when there is interference with the blood flow, although the blood and its oxygen-carrying abilities are norma...

More • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Class 12 Chemistry Index This Class 12 Chemistry Index page contains all the topics that fall under each chapter of the class 12 chemistry syllabus as per the NCERT textbook. Students may follow the links on the subtopics to access free study material on the associated concepts (prepared by chemistry subject experts for CBSE students). Furthermore, an overview of all the chapters and topics in the CBSE class 12 chemistry textbooks can also prove useful while crafting a preparation strategy for the CBSE board examination and other competitive examinations. Unit 1 – The Solid State • 1.1 General Characteristics of Solid State • 1.2 Amorphous and Crystalline Solids  • 1.3 Classification of Crystalline Solids • 1.4 Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells  • 1.5 Number of At...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • • The Bends is an illness that arises from the rapid release of nitrogen gas from the bloodstream and is caused by bubbles forming in the blood and other tissues when a diver ascends to the surface of the ocean too rapidly. It is also referred to as Caisson sickness, decompression sickness (DCS), and Divers' Disease. Introduction As divers descend into the ocean, the external pressure on their bodies increases by about 1 atm every 10.06 m. To balance this it is necessary to increase the pressure of the air they breathe from tanks or pumped to them from the surface so that their chests and lungs do not collapse. Unfortunately, our bodies aren't used to the pressurized air (because we normally breathe air under normal atmospheric conditions). With higher air pressure in the lungs Henry's Law tells us that gases such as nitrogen, helium (when used in diving gas mixtures) and oxygen become increasingly soluble in the blood. Unlike oxygen which is metabolized, nitrogen and helium build up throughout the body When divers want to emerge from the water, they have to make sure they don't ascend to the surface level too quickly because they risk numerous bubbles forming as the nitrogen/helium re-equilibrates, much as when a pressurized bottle of soda is suddenly opened. When nitrogen (N 2) gas forms bubbles, it accumulates and saturates the muscles and blood, causing pain. Called the Bends, this condition can also cause injuries involving the nerv...

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Anoxia results when oxygen is not being delivered to a part of the body. If the condition does not involve total oxygen deprivation, it is often called hypoxia, although the two terms have been used interchangeably. A related condition, anoxemia, occurs when the blood circulates but contains a below normal amount of oxygen. The five types of anoxia or hypoxia include hypoxemic, anemic, affinity, stagnant, and histotoxic. Hypoxemic anoxia happens when the oxygen pressure outside the body is so low that the hemoglobin, the chemical which carries oxygen in the red blood cells (RBCs), is unable to become fully loaded with the gas. This results in too little oxygen reaching the tissues and can occur in suffocation when a person is at high altitude, where the pressure of oxygen in the air is much less than at sea level. Anemic anoxia results from a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin or RBCs in the blood, which reduces the ability to get oxygen to the tissues. Anemia may result from lack of production of red blood cells (iron deficiency), blood loss (hemorrhage), or shortened lifespan of red blood cells (autoimmune disease). Stagnant anoxia occurs when there is interference with the blood flow, although the blood and its oxygen-carrying abilities are normal. A common cause of general stagnant anoxia is heart disease or interference with the return of blood flow through the veins. Examples of local stagnant anoxia include exposure to cold, diseases that restrict circulation to t...

Affinity anoxia involves a defect in the chemistry of the blood such that the hemoglobin can no longer pick up as much oxygen from the air, even though the quantities are normal, reducing how much is delivered to the tissues. Stagnant anoxia occurs when there is interference with the blood flow, although the blood and its oxygen-carrying abilities are normal. A common cause of general stagnant anoxia is heart disease or interference with the return of blood flow through the veins. Examples of local stagnant anoxia include exposure to cold, diseases that restrict circulation to the extremities, and ergot

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • • The Bends is an illness that arises from the rapid release of nitrogen gas from the bloodstream and is caused by bubbles forming in the blood and other tissues when a diver ascends to the surface of the ocean too rapidly. It is also referred to as Caisson sickness, decompression sickness (DCS), and Divers' Disease. Introduction As divers descend into the ocean, the external pressure on their bodies increases by about 1 atm every 10.06 m. To balance this it is necessary to increase the pressure of the air they breathe from tanks or pumped to them from the surface so that their chests and lungs do not collapse. Unfortunately, our bodies aren't used to the pressurized air (because we normally breathe air under normal atmospheric conditions). With higher air pressure in the lungs Henry's Law tells us that gases such as nitrogen, helium (when used in diving gas mixtures) and oxygen become increasingly soluble in the blood. Unlike oxygen which is metabolized, nitrogen and helium build up throughout the body When divers want to emerge from the water, they have to make sure they don't ascend to the surface level too quickly because they risk numerous bubbles forming as the nitrogen/helium re-equilibrates, much as when a pressurized bottle of soda is suddenly opened. When nitrogen (N 2) gas forms bubbles, it accumulates and saturates the muscles and blood, causing pain. Called the Bends, this condition can also cause injuries involving the nerv...