B lymphocytes originate from

Lymphocytes move around your body through the lymphatic system, which is part of the circulatory system. Lymph vessels carry clear fluid, including lymphocytes and other white blood cells, throughout your body to fight infection. Although there's some evidence that one type of lymphocyte may attack and destroy the infectious agent directly, for the most part lymphocytes leave that task to other types of white blood cells, including phagocytes. (Phagocytes work by actually swallowing and absorbing invaders that your body views as a threat, such as bacteria and small particles.) The "T" in T cell stands for thymus, the small gland in your chest where T cells go to mature after they're manufactured by your bone marrow, and before they're sent out to patrol your body. When a lymphocyte spots a cell that's been infected with bacteria or a virus, the lymphocyte will proceed to kill the cell. It also will actually remember the infectious agent, so it can act faster the next time it encounters the same infectious problem. This enables your immune system to identify and fight repeat infections more quickly. What Are B Cell Lymphocytes? B cell lymphocytes don't attack and kill cells, viruses or bacteria themselves. Instead, they manufacture proteins called antibodies that actually stick to the surface of invaders, disabling those invaders and spotlighting them for clean up by other parts of your immune system. The "B" in B cell lymphocytes stands for the bursa of Fabricius, a specia...

• العربية • Bosanski • Català • Čeština • Deutsch • Español • Euskara • فارسی • Français • Galego • 한국어 • Bahasa Indonesia • Italiano • Қазақша • Lietuvių • മലയാളം • Nederlands • 日本語 • Norsk bokmål • Norsk nynorsk • Occitan • Polski • Português • Română • Русский • Slovenčina • Slovenščina • کوردی • Српски / srpski • Suomi • Svenska • ไทย • Türkçe • Українська • 粵語 • 中文 Plasma cells are large [ citation needed] Surface antigens [ ] Terminally differentiated plasma cells express relatively few surface antigens, and do not express common pan-B cell markers, such as The surface antigen Another important surface antigen is Development [ ] After leaving the bone marrow, the B cell acts as an antigenic peptides) are loaded onto T helper cells). These T cells bind to the MHC II-antigen molecule and cause activation of the B cell. This is a type of safeguard to the system, similar to a Upon stimulation by a T cell, which usually occurs in Immature plasma cells [ ] The most immature blood cell that is considered of plasma cell lineage is the plasmablast. Function [ ] Unlike their precursors, plasma cells cannot The lifespan, class of antibodies produced, and the location that the plasma cell moves to also depends on signals, such as Plasma cells can only produce a single kind of antibody in a single class of immunoglobulin. In other words, every B cell is specific to a single antigen, but each cell can produce several thousand matching antibodies per second. Long-lived plasma cells...

The separate development of functionally intertwined lineages of lymphocytes known as B cells and T cells is now recognized as a fundamental organizing principle of the adaptive immune system in all vertebrates. Immunologists strive to define the different sublineages of the clonally diverse B cells and T cells, how they interact with each other and how they interact with innate lymphoid cells and other elements of the innate immune system to counter infections, cancer and the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. On the 50th anniversary of the recognition of B cells as a discrete cell lineage, this Timeline article recounts some of the milestones marking the development of the concept that B cells are a functionally and developmentally distinct arm of the adaptive immune system. The first clear functional indication of the existence of cells that we now know as B cells came in 1890 with the discovery by Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato The elucidation of the physical nature of antibodies as a first step to understanding the antigen–antibody relationship began in the 1930s, when the use of Tiselius' electrophoresis method to separate serum proteins demonstrated that antibodies are γ-globulins With our current wealth of information about B cells and T cells as the central characters of the adaptive immune system, it is difficult to imagine that the immunological functions of lymphocytes were unknown before the 1960s, when a series of convergent findi...

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\( \newcommand\) • • • • • Lymphocytes originate from a common progenitor in a process known as hematopoeisis. Key Points • B cells and T cells are the major types of lymphocytes. • B cells mature into B lymphocytes in the bone marrow, while T cells migrate to, and mature in, a distinct organ called the thymus. • Following maturation, the lymphocytes enter the circulation and peripheral lymphoid organs (e.g. the spleen and lymph nodes) where they survey for invading pathogens and/or tumor cells. • The lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity (i.e. B and T cells) differentiate further after exposure to an antigen to form effector and memory lymphocytes. Key Terms • lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell or leukocyte that is divided into two principal groups and a null group: B-lymphocytes, which produce antibodies in the humoral immune response, T-lymphocytes, which participate in the cell-mediated immune response, and the null group, which contains natural killer cells, cytotoxic cells that participate in the innate immune response. • leukocyte: A white blood cell. • haematopoiesis: Hematopoeisis is the formation of blood cellular components from a common progenitor stem cell. The cells of the adaptive immune system are a type of leukocyte, called a lymphocyte. The human body has about 2 trillion lymphocytes, constituting 20-40% of white blood cells (WBCs); their total mass is about the same as the brain or liver. The peripheral blood contains 20–50% of circulating lympho...