Biogeographical classification of india

ADVERTISEMENTS: India has only 2.4% of the world’s land area, but contributes about 8.1% to global species diversity. This makes India one of the 12 mega biodiversity countries in the world. The country is divided into 10 biogeographic regions. The diverse ecological habitats such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, coastal and marine ecosystems and desert ecosystems have helped to harbour and sustain immense biodiversity in the country. The Indian subcontinent is rich in biodiversity with a good percentage of endemic flora and. fauna. This richness in biodiversity is due to variety of climate, topography and varied ecological habitats. These vary from the humid tropical Western Ghats to the hot deserts of Rajasthan, from the cold desert of Ladakh and snowcapped mountains of Himalayas to the warm coasts of peninsular India. ADVERTISEMENTS: The country is one of the 12 primary centres of origin of cultivated plants and domesticated animals. It is considered to be the homeland of 167 important cultivated plant species of cereals, millets, fruits, condiments, vegetables, pulses, fibre crops and oilseeds, and 114 breeds of domesticated animals. The cultivated crops include rice, sugarcane, jute, mango, and several medicinal and aromatic plants (Table 2). The trees of India are listed in Table 3. The numbers of the different kinds of animals are listed in Table 4. There are over 45,000 species of plants and 75,000 species of animals identified. There are more than 100,000 plant s...

05/01/ FEATURES OF TRANS HIMALAYAS COLD AND ARID REGION. TEMPERATURE -35 to 3 degrees Celsius 4500 mts. Above mean sea level sparse vegetation has the richest wild sheep and goat community in the world Extensive area covered by BARE ROCKS and GLACIERS FAUNA:- • wild sheep, wild goats, ibex, snow leopard, marbled cats, marmots, black necked crane 05/01/ HIMALAYAS • FEATURES:- Flora: 2,50,000 species Fauna: 45,000 species Tropical Rainforests- Eastern Himalaya Thick subtropical and Alpine forests – central Himalaya, western Himalaya Rich endemic forests in north east Chief species include wild sheep, mountain goats, ibex, shrew, and tapir. Panda and snow leopard are also found here. 11 DESERT1. Deserts in India include Thar desert and Kutch. 2. They receive around 25 cm of precipitation annually. 3. Temperature: 30 to 50 degrees 4. Fauna : Snakes, Owls , mice, armadillo lizards, foxes, bats, vultures, rabbit, cats ,camel etc. 5. Flora: Cactus, prickly pear, octillo plant, boojum. 6. Hot and extreme climate. 7. Vegetation found in oasis. 8. Soil is composed of sand and hard rocks. 9. States covered: Rajasthan and Gujarat05/01/2023 05/01/ SEMI ARID REGIONS1. States included: Parts of Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra. 2. Transitional zone between desert and dense forests of western Ghats. 3. Natural vegetation is thorn forest. 4. Discontinuous vegetation, that is, vegetation in patches. 5. Open areas of bare and water deficit soil. 6. Flora: Thorny shrubs, grasses, cereals...

India is a megadiverse nation, housing around 10% of world's species. It also has a rich cultural heritage going back thousands of years. Much of Indian biodiversity is intricately related to the socio-cultural practices of the land. In this article, we are giving a complete summary on the Biodiversity in India that will helps the aspirants in the preparations of examinations like UPSC, SSC, State Services, CDS, NDA, Railways etc. Environmental services from species and ecosystems are essential at global, regional and local levels. India is a megadiverse nation and land of around 10% of world's species. It also has a rich cultural heritage traced back to thousands of years. Much of Indian biodiversity is intricately related to the socio-cultural practices of the land. Unfortunately, due to population explosion, climate change and lax implementation of environmental policies, several species are facing the threat of extinction. A complete summary on the Biodiversity in India is discussed below: Flora and Fauna of India According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN): India is a megadiverse country with only 2.4% of the world's land area, accounts for 7-8% of all recorded species, including species of plants and species of animals. 1. There are about 45,000 species of plants, which is about 7% of world's total. About 33% of these are endemic. 2. There are 15,000 flowering plants, which is 6% of world's total. Roughly, 1,500 plant species are endangered...

India has different climate and topography in different parts and hence is termed as a mega diversity country. India occupies 10th place among plant rich countries of the world. • It is essential to acquire knowledge about the distribution and environmental • interaction of flora and fauna of India. Biogeographers have classified India into ten bio-geographic zones with each zone • having characteristic climate, soil and biodiversity These zones are described below: 1. The cold mountainous snow covered Trans Himalayan region of Ladakh. 2. The Himalayan ranges and valleys of Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Assam and other North Eastern States. 3. The Terai, the lowland where the Himalayan rivers flow into the plains. 4. The Gangetic and Bhramaputra plains. 5. The Thar Desert of Rajasthan. 6. The semi arid grassland region of the Deccan plateau Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. 7. The Northeast States of India, 8. The Western Ghats in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala. 9. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 10. The long western and eastern coastal belt with sandy beaches, forests and mangroves. FUNCTIONS OF BIODIVERSITY: Two main functions of biodiversity are 1. It is the source on which the entire human species depends on for food, fibre, shelter, fuel and medicine. 2. It depends on biosphere which in turn leads to stability in climate, water, soil, air and overall health of biosphere. Categories • • (31.9k) • (8.8k) • (764k) • (248k) • (2....

India, being a vast country, shows a great diversity inclimate, topography and geology and hence thecountry is very rich in terms of biological diversity. India's biological diversity is one of the most significantin the world, since India has only 2% of the totallandmass of the world containing about 6% of theworld's known wildlife. GEOGRAPHY AND MAJOR BIOMES OF INDIA India is the seventh largest country in the world and Asia's secondlargest nation with an area of 3,287,263 sq.km. encompassing avaried landscape rich in natural resources. India is shielded by the world's highest mountains, the Himalayas,in the north. The southern part of India takes the shape of a peninsula anddivides the Indian Ocean into the Bay of Bengal to the southeastand the Arabian Sea to the southwest. The southern tip of Kanyakumari is washed by the Indian Ocean.The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and theLakshadweep group of islands in the Arabian sea are also a part ofIndia. India has a great diversity of natural ecosystems from the cold and high Himalayan ranges to the sea coasts,from the wet northeastern green forests to the dry northwesternarid deserts,different types of forests,wetlands, islands and the oceans. India consists of fertile river plains and high plateaus and severalmajor rivers, including the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Indus. The climate of India is determined by thesouthwest monsoon between June and October,the northeast monsoon between October and November anddry ...

India is a megadiverse country. With only 2.4 per cent of the total land area of the world, the known biological diversity of India contributes 8 per cent to the known global biological diversity. In terms of Biogeography, India has been divided into 10 biogeographic zones as shown in the below table: India has been devided into ten recognizable biogeographic zones as follows: Contents • • • • • • • • • • Trans-Himalayan Region It constitutes 5.6 per cent of the total geographical area, includes the high altitude, cold and arid mountain areas of Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, North Sikkim, Lahaul and Spiti areas of Himachal Pradesh. This zone has sparse alpine steppe vegetation that harbours several endemic species and is a favourable habitat for the biggest populations of wild sheep and goat in the world and other rare fauna that includes Snow Leopard and the migratory Blacknecked Crane (Grus nigricollis). The cold dry desert of this zone represents an extremely fragile ecosystem. Himalayan Zone It constitutes 6.4 per cent of the total geographical area includes some of the highest peaks in the world. The Himalayan zone makes India one of the richest areas in terms of habitats and species. The alpine and sub-alpine forests, grassy meadows and moist mixed deciduous forests provide diverse habitat for endangered species of bovids such as Bharal ( Pseudois nayaur), Ibex ( Capra ibex), Markhor ( Capra falconeri), Himalayan Tahr ( Hemitragus jemlabicus), and Takin ( Budoreas taxicol...