Circumduction

Learning Objectives • Define the different types of body movements • Identify the joints that allow for these motions Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles that are attached to the bones on either side of the articulation. The type of movement that can be produced at a synovial joint is determined by its structural type. While the ball-and-socket joint gives the greatest range of movement at an individual joint, in other regions of the body, several joints may work together to produce a particular movement. Overall, each type of synovial joint is necessary to provide the body with its great flexibility and mobility. There are many types of movement that can occur at synovial joints (Table 1). Movement types are generally paired, with one being the opposite of the other. Body movements are always described in relation to the anatomical position of the body: upright stance, with upper limbs to the side of body and palms facing forward. Watch this video to learn about anatomical motions. What motions involve increasing or decreasing the angle of the foot at the ankle? Flexion and Extension Flexion and extension are movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs. For the vertebral column, flexion (anterior flexion) is an anterior (forward) bending of the neck or body, while extension involves...

Adduction – movement towards the midline of the body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder, returning the arms and legs back to their original position from a jumping jack movement. Circumduction – this is where the limb moves in a circle. This occurs at the shoulder joint during an overarm tennis serve. The table summarises the body locations and types of movements associated with each type of joint. Type of joint Body location Types of movement Ball and socket Hip, shoulder Flexion/extension, rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction Hinge Knee, elbow Flexion/extension Pivot Neck Rotation Condyloid Wrist Flexion/extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Hip joint (Articulatio coxae) The hip joint is a ball and socket type of acetabulum of the pelvic (hip) bone. The hip joint is a This article will discuss the Key facts about the hip joint Type Synovial ball and socket; multiaxial Articular surfaces Head of femur, lunate surface of acetabulum Ligaments Capsular: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral Intracapsular: transverse ligament of the acetabulum, ligament of the head of the femur Innervation Femoral nerve, obturator nerve, superior gluteal nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris Blood supply Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries, obturator artery, superior and inferior gluteal arteries Movements Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation and circumduction Synonyms: Acetabulofemoral joint, Hip , The hip joint is the articulation between the ellipsoid head of the femur and the hemispherical concavity of the acetabulum located on the lateral aspect of the fovea capitis, which is a surface of attachment for the ligament of the femoral head (ligamentum teres capitis femoris). The acetabulum is formed by the fusion of the lunate surface that is covered by acetabular notch. The deep central nonarticular floor of the acetabulum is referred to as the acetabular fossa. This area is devoid of cartilage and is continuous with the acetabular notch. It contains loose connective tissue (fibroelastic fat pad) which is covered by synovial membrane. Attached to the margin of the acetabulum is...

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define and identify the different body movements • Demonstrate the different types of body movements • Identify the joints that allow for these motions Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles that are attached to the bones on either side of the articulation. The degree and type of movement that can be produced at a synovial joint is determined by its structural type. While the ball-and-socket joint gives the greatest range of movement at an individual joint, in other regions of the body, several joints may work together to produce a particular movement. Overall, each type of synovial joint is necessary to provide the body with its great flexibility and mobility. There are many types of movement that can occur at synovial joints ( Watch this Figure 9.5.1 – Movements of the Body, Part 1: Synovial joints give the body many ways in which to move. (a)–(b) Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints. (c)–(d) Anterior bending of the head or vertebral column is flexion, while any posterior-going movement is extension. (e) Abduction and adduction are motions of the limbs, hand, fingers, or toes in the coronal (medial–late...

Always follow your therapist’s instructions for your customized rehabilitation, even if they differ from what you see here. Instructions: • Lying on your back with hip in 70 degrees of flexion (bent), have therapist/caregiver move the knee in a clockwise circular pendulum motion for 3-5 minutes • Lying on your back with hip in 70 degrees of flexion (bent), have therapist/caregiver move the knee in a counterclockwise circular pendulum motion for 3-5 minutes • DO NOT PUSH INTO PINCH OR PAINFUL POSITION Reps/Duration: • Do movement for 5 minutes [Click on picture for larger image]