Emotion

iStock.com/cglade In the 1970s, anthropologist Paul Ekman proposed that humans experienced six basic emotions: anger, fear, surprise, disgust, joy, and sadness. Since then, scientists have disputed the exact number of human emotions — some researchers maintain there are only Three brain structures appear most closely linked with emotions: the Explore the Amygdala 3D BRAIN A paired, almond-shaped structure deep within the brain, the amygdala integrates emotions, emotional behavior, and The insula is the source of disgust — a strong negative reaction to an unpleasant odor, for instance. The experience of disgust may protect you from ingesting poison or spoiled food. Studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have found the insula lights up with activity when someone feels or anticipates pain. Neuroscientists think the insula receives a status report about the body’s physiological state and generates subjective feelings about it thus linking internal states, feelings, and conscious actions. The periaqueductal gray, located in the While emotions are intangible and hard to describe — even for scientists — they serve important purposes, helping us learn, initiate actions, and survive. Adapted from the 8th edition of Brain Facts by

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Pride Pride is another positive emotion related to happiness. When we accomplish a goal or contribute in an important way, we may feel pride in our abilities. We can also feel pride in others, such as being proud when our child takes the initiative to befriend a new student at school or when our spouse receives a promotion at work. Oscar Wong / Getty Images Serenity is defined as "the quality of being peaceful and calm." We might feel serene or content when we find ourselves in circumstances that feel right or easy. Think of a lazy Sunday morning spent with family or enjoying the calm and quiet of a peaceful walk through a garden. Martin Novak / Getty Something may cause us to feel awe when it pulls us in and brings us a sense of connectedness to something bigger than ourselves. Grandiose goodness or beauty, like a view of the starlit sky from a remote place, can stop us in our tracks as we feel overpowered by wonder and respect. Awe transforms our view of the world and our place in it. • Develop a • Focus on one happy emotion at a time. It can also be helpful to identify which of these happy emotions you feel least frequently in your own life. For a week or two, focus on creating moments to experience that emotion and enjoy a new aspect of happiness. • Get outdoors. Take the time to go for a walk or hike on weekends. During the workday, use your breaks as an opportunity to get some fresh air. There's something about being outdoors that can make you • Recognize negativity ...

4 States of Consciousness • Introduction • 4.1 What Is Consciousness? • 4.2 Sleep and Why We Sleep • 4.3 Stages of Sleep • 4.4 Sleep Problems and Disorders • 4.5 Substance Use and Abuse • 4.6 Other States of Consciousness • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 7 Thinking and Intelligence • Introduction • 7.1 What Is Cognition? • 7.2 Language • 7.3 Problem Solving • 7.4 What Are Intelligence and Creativity? • 7.5 Measures of Intelligence • 7.6 The Source of Intelligence • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 11 Personality • Introduction • 11.1 What Is Personality? • 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective • 11.3 Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney • 11.4 Learning Approaches • 11.5 Humanistic Approaches • 11.6 Biological Approaches • 11.7 Trait Theorists • 11.8 Cultural Understandings of Personality • 11.9 Personality Assessment • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 12 Social Psychology • Introduction • 12.1 What Is Social Psychology? • 12.2 Self-presentation • 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion • 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience • 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination • 12.6 Aggression • 12.7 Prosocial Behavior • Key Terms • Summary • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • Personal Application Questions • 13 Industrial-Organizational Psychology • ...

Can you guess how many emotions a human can experience? A study by The Greater Good Science Center suggests there are 27 distinct emotions – at least (Cowen & Keltner, 2017). And that does not even include combinations of emotions. With so many emotions, how can one navigate the turbulent waters of feelings, without getting lost? The answer: with an emotion wheel. Through years of studying emotions, American psychologist Dr. Robert Plutchik proposed that there are eight primary emotions that serve as the foundation for all others: joy, sadness, acceptance, disgust, fear, anger, surprise, and anticipation. (Pollack, 2016) So while it’s hard to understand all 34,000 distinct emotions, we can learn how to identify the primary emotions and act accordingly. It’s especially useful for moments of intense feeling and when the mind cannot remain objective as it operates from an impulsive “fight or flight” response. (Watkins, 2014) Before you read on, we thought you might like to This Article Contains: • • • • • • • • • What is Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions? Let’s take a look at each of these emotions. But first, how about a clear idea of what we mean when we use the term “emotion.” In previous studies, researchers of emotions saw them as episodes influenced by stimuli. More specifically, “emotion is defined as an episode of interrelated, synchronized changes in the state of all or most of the five organismic subsystems in response to the evaluation of an external or internal stimulu...

Most people like to feel good, and positive emotions just plain feel good. They don’t necessarily need a reason or cause behind them for us to enjoy them; we just do. Experiencing emotions like happiness, excitement, joy, hope, and inspiration is vital for anyone who wants to lead a happy and healthy life. Luckily, you don’t need to experience them all the time to reap the benefits of positive emotions. These often-fleeting moments can be the ones that make all the hard work and struggling in life worth it, the spice that brings flavor to your life. Before you continue, we thought you might like to This Article Contains: • • • • • • • • • • What are Positive Emotions? A Definition Before diving too deep into positive emotions, we should start by making sure we’re all on the same page about emotions—and positive emotions in particular. Positive emotions are not simply “happy feelings” that we chase to feel momentary pleasure; like the more There are many ways to define “emotion,” but they generally fall into one of two camps: • Emotions are a state or feeling that cannot be conjured up at will, or; • Emotions are attitudes or responses to a situation or an object, like judgments (Zemach, 2001). Most current scholars fall into the second camp, viewing emotions as the outcome or result of something, provoked by action, or by being on the receiving end of an action. The implications of embracing one view over the other are fascinating, but for the purposes of understanding pos...

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“Emotions are a process, a particular kind of automatic appraisal influenced by our evolutionary and personal past, in which we sense that something important to our welfare is occurring, and a set of psychological changes and emotional behaviors begins to deal with the situation." - Paul Ekman, PhD In other words, emotions prepare us to deal with important events without having to think about them. These emotional responses are an unbidden occurrence, meaning that we don’t choose to feel them, they just happen to us automatically. Of all the human emotions we experience, there are seven universal emotions that we all feel, transcending language, regional, cultural, and ethnic differences. Each of the universal emotions has distinctive signals, physiologies and timelines. While they vary in their onset duration and decline, emotions typically don’t last longer than an hour. If an emotion persists for an extended amount of time without interruption, it’s more likely that the emotion can be categorized as a In order to have more choice about our emotional reactions, we must first build awareness of the emotional behaviors, experiences and triggers that we, and others, face. This process allows us to find insight in awareness to help shape our emotional reactions in more thoughtful and constructive ways.