Forest society and colonialism summary

Introduction • Forest provide us many products which are of great importance. • It supports a large variety of flora and fauna such as in Amazon forests or in the Western Ghats. Why Deforestation? The disappearance of forests is referred to as deforestation. Causes of deforestation in India: • Land to be Improved:Forests were unproductive, therefore British brought them under cultivation so that they could increase the income of the state. • Building Ships:By the 1830s, In India, trees were cut down and exported to England for building royal ships. • Railway Tracks:Wood was needed for Railways as: • Fuel for Trains • Railway lines sleepers which were essential to hold the tracks together. • Plantations:Large areas of natural forests were also cleared for tea, coffee and rubber plantations to meet Europe’s growing need for these commodities. The Rise of Commercial Forestry • British made a German expert, Dietrich Brandis, the first Inspector General of Forests in India. • Brandis set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864 and helped formulate the Indian Forest Act of 1865. • The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up in Dehradun in 1906. • Scientific forestry was taught there. • In the scientific forestry system, forests with different kinds of trees were replaced by plantations. • Forest management plans were made by forest officials. They planned how much of the forest had to be cut and how much had to be replanted. • The Forest Acts divided forests into: • Reserved ...

You must have read about many retributive reforms and regulations that colonialism brought with itself. Class 9 social science chapter Forest Society and Colonialism cover the greed and non-human fiscal reforms which were introduced by Britishers in India. It also discusses how these reforms led to instability and exploitation of the common people, giving rise to revolts and movements throughout the country. To understand the entire topic in a better way, we have devised study notes which are easy-to-learn. Social Science Class 9 – French Revolution Notes What is Forest Society and Colonialism? The British had regulated the laws concerning the use of forests and forest products. Forest Society and Colonialism refer to the Act of the British Parliament that circulated laws prohibiting the use of forests and forest products by the Indian farmers. They were under the opinion that the Indian farming practices were hampering the forest cover of the region, which was essential for the revenue of the Crown. This class 9 chapter 3 on History, reflects the laws that were made to restrict the use of forest lands by the local dwelling near it. The British colonized India for economic growth. It is no debate that their sole purpose was to drain all the wealth to the crown of England. The world was amidst a state of constant wars and civil unrest Forests and forest products formed a substantial part of the products needed to fight the wars such as paper, plywood, plants and tree extrac...

NCERT Chapter Summary: Forest Society and Colonialism A lot of this diversity is fast disappearing. Between 1700 and 1995, the period of industrialisation, 13.9 million sq km of forest or 9.3 per cent of the world’s total area was cleared for industrial uses, cultivation, pastures and fuelwood. In the nineteenth century the growth of industries and urban centres, ships and railways, created a new demand on the forests for timber and other forest products. New demands led to new rules of forest use, new ways of organising the forest. Colonial control was established over the forests, forest areas were mapped, trees were classified, and plantations were developed. All these developments affected the lives of those local communities who used forest resources. They were forced to operate within new systems and reorganise their lives. But they also rebelled against the rules and persuaded the state to change its policies.

The British colonizers were worried that Indian farmers were destroying the forests with their agricultural practices. They wished to cultivate the forests themselves and perform scientific forestry. So they formed these forest society and made various laws to restrict the use of these forests by locals but continued their commercial exploitation of these forests. Let us take a look. • Deforestation and Rise of Commercial Forestry

NCERT Chapter Summary: Forest Society and Colonialism A lot of this diversity is fast disappearing. Between 1700 and 1995, the period of industrialisation, 13.9 million sq km of forest or 9.3 per cent of the world’s total area was cleared for industrial uses, cultivation, pastures and fuelwood. In the nineteenth century the growth of industries and urban centres, ships and railways, created a new demand on the forests for timber and other forest products. New demands led to new rules of forest use, new ways of organising the forest. Colonial control was established over the forests, forest areas were mapped, trees were classified, and plantations were developed. All these developments affected the lives of those local communities who used forest resources. They were forced to operate within new systems and reorganise their lives. But they also rebelled against the rules and persuaded the state to change its policies.

The British colonizers were worried that Indian farmers were destroying the forests with their agricultural practices. They wished to cultivate the forests themselves and perform scientific forestry. So they formed these forest society and made various laws to restrict the use of these forests by locals but continued their commercial exploitation of these forests. Let us take a look. • Deforestation and Rise of Commercial Forestry

You must have read about many retributive reforms and regulations that colonialism brought with itself. Class 9 social science chapter Forest Society and Colonialism cover the greed and non-human fiscal reforms which were introduced by Britishers in India. It also discusses how these reforms led to instability and exploitation of the common people, giving rise to revolts and movements throughout the country. To understand the entire topic in a better way, we have devised study notes which are easy-to-learn. Social Science Class 9 – French Revolution Notes What is Forest Society and Colonialism? The British had regulated the laws concerning the use of forests and forest products. Forest Society and Colonialism refer to the Act of the British Parliament that circulated laws prohibiting the use of forests and forest products by the Indian farmers. They were under the opinion that the Indian farming practices were hampering the forest cover of the region, which was essential for the revenue of the Crown. This class 9 chapter 3 on History, reflects the laws that were made to restrict the use of forest lands by the local dwelling near it. The British colonized India for economic growth. It is no debate that their sole purpose was to drain all the wealth to the crown of England. The world was amidst a state of constant wars and civil unrest Forests and forest products formed a substantial part of the products needed to fight the wars such as paper, plywood, plants and tree extrac...

Introduction • Forest provide us many products which are of great importance. • It supports a large variety of flora and fauna such as in Amazon forests or in the Western Ghats. Why Deforestation? The disappearance of forests is referred to as deforestation. Causes of deforestation in India: • Land to be Improved:Forests were unproductive, therefore British brought them under cultivation so that they could increase the income of the state. • Building Ships:By the 1830s, In India, trees were cut down and exported to England for building royal ships. • Railway Tracks:Wood was needed for Railways as: • Fuel for Trains • Railway lines sleepers which were essential to hold the tracks together. • Plantations:Large areas of natural forests were also cleared for tea, coffee and rubber plantations to meet Europe’s growing need for these commodities. The Rise of Commercial Forestry • British made a German expert, Dietrich Brandis, the first Inspector General of Forests in India. • Brandis set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864 and helped formulate the Indian Forest Act of 1865. • The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up in Dehradun in 1906. • Scientific forestry was taught there. • In the scientific forestry system, forests with different kinds of trees were replaced by plantations. • Forest management plans were made by forest officials. They planned how much of the forest had to be cut and how much had to be replanted. • The Forest Acts divided forests into: • Reserved ...

NCERT Chapter Summary: Forest Society and Colonialism A lot of this diversity is fast disappearing. Between 1700 and 1995, the period of industrialisation, 13.9 million sq km of forest or 9.3 per cent of the world’s total area was cleared for industrial uses, cultivation, pastures and fuelwood. In the nineteenth century the growth of industries and urban centres, ships and railways, created a new demand on the forests for timber and other forest products. New demands led to new rules of forest use, new ways of organising the forest. Colonial control was established over the forests, forest areas were mapped, trees were classified, and plantations were developed. All these developments affected the lives of those local communities who used forest resources. They were forced to operate within new systems and reorganise their lives. But they also rebelled against the rules and persuaded the state to change its policies.

You must have read about many retributive reforms and regulations that colonialism brought with itself. Class 9 social science chapter Forest Society and Colonialism cover the greed and non-human fiscal reforms which were introduced by Britishers in India. It also discusses how these reforms led to instability and exploitation of the common people, giving rise to revolts and movements throughout the country. To understand the entire topic in a better way, we have devised study notes which are easy-to-learn. Social Science Class 9 – French Revolution Notes What is Forest Society and Colonialism? The British had regulated the laws concerning the use of forests and forest products. Forest Society and Colonialism refer to the Act of the British Parliament that circulated laws prohibiting the use of forests and forest products by the Indian farmers. They were under the opinion that the Indian farming practices were hampering the forest cover of the region, which was essential for the revenue of the Crown. This class 9 chapter 3 on History, reflects the laws that were made to restrict the use of forest lands by the local dwelling near it. The British colonized India for economic growth. It is no debate that their sole purpose was to drain all the wealth to the crown of England. The world was amidst a state of constant wars and civil unrest Forests and forest products formed a substantial part of the products needed to fight the wars such as paper, plywood, plants and tree extrac...