Function of temporal lobe

What is the brain? The brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body. Together, the brain and spinal cord that extends from it make up the central nervous system, or CNS. What is the brain made of? Weighing about 3 pounds in the average adult, the brain is about 60% fat. The remaining 40% is a combination of water, protein, carbohydrates and salts. The brain itself is a not a muscle. It contains blood vessels and nerves, including neurons and glial cells. What is the gray matter and white matter? Gray and white matter are two different regions of the central nervous system. In the brain, gray matter refers to the darker, outer portion, while white matter describes the lighter, inner section underneath. In the spinal cord, this order is reversed: The white matter is on the outside, and the gray matter sits within. Gray matter is primarily composed of neuron somas (the round central cell bodies), and white matter is mostly made of axons (the long stems that connects neurons together) wrapped in myelin (a protective coating). The different composition of neuron parts is why the two appear as separate shades on certain scans. Each region serves a different role. Gray matter is primarily responsible for processing and interpreting information, while white matter transmits that information to other parts of the nervous system. How does the brain work? The brai...

Your brain’s frontal lobe is home to areas that manage thinking, emotions, personality, judgment, self-control, muscle control and movements, memory storage and more. Just as its name indicates, it’s the forward-most area of your brain. Your frontal lobe is a key area of study for both brain-related and mental health-related fields of medicine. Overview The frontal lobe is the front-most part of your brain. It’s responsible for control over many abilities, including the way you think, how you move and how you remember things. It’s also a key part in your social skills, and helps you understand and control how you talk, behave and interact with others. What is the frontal lobe? The frontal lobe is one of five lobes of your Function What does the frontal lobe do? Your frontal lobe handles many abilities, including: • Reasoning: This includes simple and complex processing of information. Logic, reasoning, judgment, decision-making and creativity all fall into this category. • Social understanding: Your frontal lobe controls your understanding of social norms and helps determine what you should and shouldn’t do or say. • Executive functions: Some examples of these include self-control and inhibitions, attention span and working memory. • Voluntary muscle movements: These are intentional movements, such as moving your hand to pick something up or moving your legs to stand up and walk around. Your frontal lobe also contains the brain area that controls the muscles you use for sp...

Article: • • • • • • Images: • Gross anatomy The temporal lobe is the second largest lobe, after the larger frontal lobe, accounting 22% of the total neocortical volume 6. The lobe extends superiorly to the The temporal lobe can be divided into two main sections: • neocortex (sometimes referred to simply as temporal lobe) • lateral and inferolateral surfaces • comprised of standard cerebral cortex • • including the Sulci and gyri The temporal lobe is divided into five gyri by four sulci which are oriented largely parallel to the Sylvian fissure. Unfortunately, not all gyri and sulci extend the full length of the lobe and as such not all are present at each angled coronal section. Furthermore, nomenclature is variable. The order from superolateral to inferomedial is: • • • • • • • • • Blood supply Arterial supply The temporal lobe receives blood from both the internal carotid artery and the vertebrobasilar artery 4: • internal carotid system • • supplies the anterior segment of parahippocampal gyrus, the uncus and the amygdala • • supplies superior and inferior temporal gyri and temporal pole • several temporal branches arise from the MCA although there is considerable variation in anatomical arrangement 5 • temporopolar artery • anterior temporal artery • middle temporal artery • posterior temporal artery • • supplies the inferior surface of the temporal lobe via the temporo-occipital artery Venous drainage Venous drainage occurs via two routes 4: • blood from the neocorte...

Historically, the anterior part of the temporal lobe was labelled as a unique structure named Brain Area 38 by Brodmann or Temporopolar Area TG by Von Economo, but its functions were unknown at that time. Later on, a few studies proposed to divide the temporal pole in several different subparts, based on distinct cytoarchitectural structure or connectivity patterns, while a still growing number of studies have associated the temporal pole with many cognitive functions. In this review, we provide an overview of the temporal pole anatomical and histological structure and its various functions. We performed a literature review of articles published prior to September 30, 2020 that included 112 articles. The temporal pole has thereby been associated with several high-level , naming and word-object labelling, semantic processing in all modalities, and socio-emotional processing, as demonstrated in healthy subjects and in patients with neurological or psychiatric diseases, especially in the field of Introduction The temporal pole, which constitutes the most rostral part of the temporal lobe, is a complex structure from a cytoarchitectural and functional perspective, which has been associated with various psychiatric and neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, temporal lobe epilepsy, schizophrenia, and many others. It is recent on the phylogenetic level: other mammalian species have a temporal lobe, but a cytoarchitecturally distinct...

Cerebrum The The two hemispheres are separated by a groove called the great longitudinal fissure. The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres, thus allowing the brain to deliver messages from one side to the other. Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is divided into broad regions called lobes. Each lobe is associated with different functions: • Frontal lobes. The frontal lobes are the largest of the lobes. As indicated by their name, they’re located in the front part of the brain. They coordinates high-level behaviors, such as motor skills, problem-solving, judgment, planning, and attention. The frontal lobes also manage emotions, personality, and temper. • Parietal lobes. The parietal lobes are located behind the frontal lobes. They’re involved in organizing and interpreting sensory information from other parts of the brain. • Temporal lobes. The temporal lobes house the auditory cortex. They are located on either side of the head on the same level as the ears. They coordinate specific functions, including hearing, visual memory (such as facial recognition), verbal memory (such as understanding language), and interpreting the emotions and reactions of others. • Occipital lobes. The occipital lobes are located in the back of the brain. They’re heavily involved in the ability to read and recognize colors and shapes. Cerebellum The The cerebellum also helps the body maintain its posture, equilibrium, and balance. Diencephalon The diencephalon is located at the base of the b...

• on 8 Apr 2021 • By admin • Your Brain: An Introduction to Its Anatomy By: Rachel Kimball Introduction: Your brain is one of those things many of us take for granted. As the site of human consciousness, the coordinator of voluntary movement, and the regulator of nonconscious processes, your ? can do it all. The brain is not just a blob of cells in your skull, and the anatomy of the brain is quite complex. However, it is also very interesting to learn about. Let’s start with some fun facts about the brain. Did you know… • The average person has 12,000-60,000 thoughts a day • The human brain triples in the first year of life and in adulthood, it gets smaller as we get older • Headaches are caused by a chemical reaction • There are one hundred billion neurons in the average brain • 75% of the average brain is made of water Let’s first dive into each lobe of the brain. Each lobe has its own set of distinct functions, and together, the lobes of the brain make you, you. Damage to the brain can result in serious complications, and learning the function/location of each lobe enables us to understand the consequences of brain damage. Frontal Lobe: Anatomy: The frontal lobes are located directly behind the forehead, and they are the largest lobes in the human brain. Located in the frontal lobe is Broca’s area, which controls the muscles in the mouth used for speech. Function: The frontal lobe is responsible for speech & language production, motor skills, understanding & reacting to...

Your brain’s frontal lobe is home to areas that manage thinking, emotions, personality, judgment, self-control, muscle control and movements, memory storage and more. Just as its name indicates, it’s the forward-most area of your brain. Your frontal lobe is a key area of study for both brain-related and mental health-related fields of medicine. Overview The frontal lobe is the front-most part of your brain. It’s responsible for control over many abilities, including the way you think, how you move and how you remember things. It’s also a key part in your social skills, and helps you understand and control how you talk, behave and interact with others. What is the frontal lobe? The frontal lobe is one of five lobes of your Function What does the frontal lobe do? Your frontal lobe handles many abilities, including: • Reasoning: This includes simple and complex processing of information. Logic, reasoning, judgment, decision-making and creativity all fall into this category. • Social understanding: Your frontal lobe controls your understanding of social norms and helps determine what you should and shouldn’t do or say. • Executive functions: Some examples of these include self-control and inhibitions, attention span and working memory. • Voluntary muscle movements: These are intentional movements, such as moving your hand to pick something up or moving your legs to stand up and walk around. Your frontal lobe also contains the brain area that controls the muscles you use for sp...

Article: • • • • • • Images: • Gross anatomy The temporal lobe is the second largest lobe, after the larger frontal lobe, accounting 22% of the total neocortical volume 6. The lobe extends superiorly to the The temporal lobe can be divided into two main sections: • neocortex (sometimes referred to simply as temporal lobe) • lateral and inferolateral surfaces • comprised of standard cerebral cortex • • including the Sulci and gyri The temporal lobe is divided into five gyri by four sulci which are oriented largely parallel to the Sylvian fissure. Unfortunately, not all gyri and sulci extend the full length of the lobe and as such not all are present at each angled coronal section. Furthermore, nomenclature is variable. The order from superolateral to inferomedial is: • • • • • • • • • Blood supply Arterial supply The temporal lobe receives blood from both the internal carotid artery and the vertebrobasilar artery 4: • internal carotid system • • supplies the anterior segment of parahippocampal gyrus, the uncus and the amygdala • • supplies superior and inferior temporal gyri and temporal pole • several temporal branches arise from the MCA although there is considerable variation in anatomical arrangement 5 • temporopolar artery • anterior temporal artery • middle temporal artery • posterior temporal artery • • supplies the inferior surface of the temporal lobe via the temporo-occipital artery Venous drainage Venous drainage occurs via two routes 4: • blood from the neocorte...

• on 8 Apr 2021 • By admin • Your Brain: An Introduction to Its Anatomy By: Rachel Kimball Introduction: Your brain is one of those things many of us take for granted. As the site of human consciousness, the coordinator of voluntary movement, and the regulator of nonconscious processes, your ? can do it all. The brain is not just a blob of cells in your skull, and the anatomy of the brain is quite complex. However, it is also very interesting to learn about. Let’s start with some fun facts about the brain. Did you know… • The average person has 12,000-60,000 thoughts a day • The human brain triples in the first year of life and in adulthood, it gets smaller as we get older • Headaches are caused by a chemical reaction • There are one hundred billion neurons in the average brain • 75% of the average brain is made of water Let’s first dive into each lobe of the brain. Each lobe has its own set of distinct functions, and together, the lobes of the brain make you, you. Damage to the brain can result in serious complications, and learning the function/location of each lobe enables us to understand the consequences of brain damage. Frontal Lobe: Anatomy: The frontal lobes are located directly behind the forehead, and they are the largest lobes in the human brain. Located in the frontal lobe is Broca’s area, which controls the muscles in the mouth used for speech. Function: The frontal lobe is responsible for speech & language production, motor skills, understanding & reacting to...

Historically, the anterior part of the temporal lobe was labelled as a unique structure named Brain Area 38 by Brodmann or Temporopolar Area TG by Von Economo, but its functions were unknown at that time. Later on, a few studies proposed to divide the temporal pole in several different subparts, based on distinct cytoarchitectural structure or connectivity patterns, while a still growing number of studies have associated the temporal pole with many cognitive functions. In this review, we provide an overview of the temporal pole anatomical and histological structure and its various functions. We performed a literature review of articles published prior to September 30, 2020 that included 112 articles. The temporal pole has thereby been associated with several high-level cognitive processes: visual processing for complex objects and face recognition, autobiographic memory, naming and word-object labelling, semantic processing in all modalities, and socio-emotional processing, as demonstrated in healthy subjects and in patients with neurological or psychiatric diseases, especially in the field of neurodegenerative disorders. A good knowledge of those functions and the symptoms associated with temporal pole lesions or dysfunctions is helpful to identify these diseases, whose diagnosis may otherwise be difficult. • Previous article in issue • Next article in issue • About ScienceDirect • Remote access • Shopping cart • Advertise • Contact and support • Terms and conditions • Pr...