Ghon method of autopsy

WHAT IS AUTOPSY?An autopsy is performed to achieve one or more of the following objectives: To identify the body or record characteristics that may assist in identifying the deceased. To determine the cause of death or, in the newborn, whether live birth occurred. To determine the mode of dying and time of death, where necessary and possible. To demonstrate all external and internal abnormalities, malformations and diseases. To detect, describe and record any external and internal injuries. To obtain samples for any ancillary investigations.To obtain photographs or retain samples for evidential or teaching use. To provide a full written report and expert interpretation of the findings. To restore the body to the best possible cosmetic condition before the release Incising the bodyOther ways of incision 1. ‘I’ shaped Incision: It is a straight line incision extending from the chin to the symphysis pubis. 2. ‘Y’ Shaped Incision: This type of incision starts near the acromian process and progresses downwards towards the xiphoid process. The incision is then extended till the symphysis pubis. Also, a similar incision is made on the opposite side of the body. 3. Intermastoid incision. this type of incision is made from behind each ear across the top of the head that allows examination of brain HEAD • The neck is extended by placing a wooden block under the shoulders. • Fix head using a head rest. • Intermastoidal incision is made i.e. from the mastoid process behind one ear to ...

Definition/Introduction The Ghon complex is named after Anton Ghon (1866-1936), an Austrian pathologist who described primary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosisas havinga pulmonary lesion with regional lymph involvement. The Ghon complex is a non-pathognomonic finding on chest radiography that is significant for pulmonary tuberculosis. Themost frequently encountered route of infection with M. tuberculosisis through the respiratory tract. The predilection of M. tuberculosis for the upper lobes is possibly due to the ventilatory physiology of this region. The Ghon complex should not be confused with the Ranke complex. The Ghon complex precedes the development of the Ranke complex. The Ghon complex is seen in untreated primary pulmonary tuberculosis infection with Ghon lesion fibrosis. The Ranke complex results from a primary tuberculosis Ghon complex undergoing calcification during the inflammatory process and is characterized by a calcified Ghon lesion and calcified mediastinal lymph nodes. After primary infection, M. tuberculosis can progress in one of three ways. The primary infectioncan be eradicated from the body by the immune system. The infection maypersistin a dormant, controlled state, sometimes called latent tuberculosis; latency may last indefinitely. The primary infection may bypass latency and progress to cause symptomatic disease, sometimes referred to as active tuberculosis. Patients with latent tuberculosis are at risk of reactivation to active...

• Virchow Technique • Rokitansky Technique • Ghon Technique • Letulle Technique METHODS OF DISSECTION OF INTERNAL ORGANS VIRCHOW Individual organ removal Organ Dissection ROKITASNKY Organ Dissection in-situ LETULLE En -masse dissection & organ separation Organ Dissection GHON Separate block dissection & organ separation Organ dissection HISTOPATHOLIC & CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES MLS 410 | LECTURE | PRELIM BIOPSY AND AUTOPSY SECOND SEMESTER 9 VIRCHOW TECHNIQUE • organs are removed separately and dissected immediately • cranial cavity -> thoracic cavity -> cervical region -> abdominal cavity • disadvantage: relationship between organs are lost • done in high-risk autopsies wherein permission is only granted to one organ. ROKITANSKY TECHNIQUE • organs are dissected “in situ” • preferred whenever the examiner wants to prevent the spread of infection (bloodborne diseases) • disadvantage: organs cannot be studied in detail GHON TECHNIQUE • removal of organ systems in blocks “en bloc” • thoracic and cervical organs, abdominal organs and urogenital organs LETULLE TECHNIQUE • “en masse method” • thoracic, cervical, abdominal, and pelvic organs are removed en masse and subsequently dissected into organ blocks • best technique for preserving the vascular supply and relationships between organs • another advantage – the body could be made available to the undertaker quickly. Without having to rush dissection, obscuring findings, and destroying important specimens. AUTOPSY • sample from orga...

Autopsy aka necropsy is the postmortem examination of the body after death. It is one of the most crucial topics of FMT and must be prepared thoroughly for the NEET PG exam. To aid your NEET PG/ Overview • Autopsy Aka Necropsy, PME (Post Mortem Examination) Medicolegal Autopsy Clinical / Pathological Autopsy M/C type of autopsy in India • Done in unnatural deaths - Suicide, Homicide • Consent from Investigation officer (IO), Police/ Magistrate • Complete autopsy • Body to be handed over to IO • Done in Natural deaths • Relative give consent (cannot be done without consent) • Body to be handover to Relatives • Partial autopsy • Negative autopsy: Doctor will not be able to state the cause of death. It may be due to incorrect technique, lack of experience, incorrect preservation etc. Important Information • Virtual Autopsy / Virtoupsy (No Dissection): Complete body scanning to find the structural lesion/ cause of death. • Psychological Autopsy (No Dissection) • Done in suicidal deaths • Done to know about the psychological state of person before committing suicide. • Conduct interviews with parents/ friends. Different Types of skin Incisions Following are the different types of skin incisions used for performing autopsy - • “I” Incision • Starting from chin to pubic symphysis • Most commonly used. • “Y” Incision • Starting from shoulders on both sites reach Xiphisternum and it comes down to the pubic symphysis. • Modified “Y” Incision • Starts from mastoid comes down the late...