Give a comparative account of the classes of kingdom fungi

What is Fungi? Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms. These organisms are classified under kingdom fungi. The organisms found in Kingdom fungi contain a cell wall and are omnipresent. They are classified as heterotrophs among the living organisms. Kingdom Fungi To name a few – the appearance of black spots on bread left outside for some days, the mushrooms and the If we observe carefully, all the examples that we cited involve moist conditions. Thus, we can say that fungi usually grow in places which are moist and warm enough to support them. Let us have a detailed overview of the structure, classification and characteristics of fungi. Also Read: Structure of Fungi The structure of fungi can be explained in the following points: • Almost all the fungi have a filamentous structure except the yeast cells. • They can be either single-celled or multicellular organisms. • Fungi consist of long thread-like structures known as hyphae. These hyphae together form a mesh-like structure called mycelium. • Fungi possess a • The cell wall comprises a protoplast, which is differentiated into other cell parts such as cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell organelles and nuclei. • The nucleus is dense, clear, with chromatin threads. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Also Refer: Characteristics of Fungi Following are the important characteristics of fungi: • Fungi are eukaryotic, non-vascular, non-motile and heterotrophi...

(A) Phycomycetes: This group of fungi includes members such as Rhizopus, Albugo, etc. (i) Mode of nutrition They are obligate parasites on plants or are found on decaying matter such as wood. (ii) Mode of reproduction Asexual reproduction takes place through motile zoospores or non-motile aplanospores that are produced endogenously in sporangium. Sexual reproduction may be of isogamous, anisogamous, or oogamous type. It results in the formation of thick-walled zygospore. (B) Ascomycetes: This group of fungi includes members such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, Claviceps, and Neurospora. (i) Mode of nutrition They are sporophytic, decomposers, parasitic or coprophilous (growing on dung). (ii) Mode of reproduction brgt Asexual reproduction occurs through asexual spores produced exogenously, such as conidia produced on conidiophores. Sexual reproduction takes place through ascospores produced endogenously in saclike asci and arranged inside ascocarps. (C) Basidiomycetes: This group of fungi includes members such as Ustilago, Agaricus and Puccinia. (i) Mode of nutrition They grow as decomposers in soil or on logs and tree stumps. They also occur as parasites in plants causing diseases such as rusts and smuts. (ii) Mode of reproduction Asexual reproduction takes place commonly through fragmentation. Asexual spores are absent. Sex organs are absent but sexual reproduction takes place through plasmogamy. It involves fusion of two different strains of hyphae. The resulting dikaryon g...

Fungi Mode of nutrition Mode of reproduction (1) Phycomycetes obligate parasiytes on plants or decaying on wood in moist and damp places Asexual reproduction by zoospores(motile) or alpanospores (non motile) (2) Ascomycetes Saprophytic(yeast) decompoers parasitic or coprophilous(growing on dung) Asexual spores are conidia produced exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores. Sexual spores are called ascospores produced endogenously in sac like asci (3) Basidomycetes saprophytes or parasites Asexual spores not found. vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is is common. sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes. (4) Deuteromycertes spores decomposers mainly,few parasites Only asexual or vegetative phase of these fungi are known. a. sexual reproduction by production of called conidia

Views: 5,492 2.5 s. At this rate, can you calculate how many years it would take for the movement of molecules over a distance of 1 m within a plant by diffusion alone? In large and complex organisms, often substances have to be moved across very large distances. Sometimes the sites of production or absorption and sites of storage are too far from each other; diffusion or active transport would not suffice. Special long distance transport systems become necessary so as to move substances across long distances and at a much faster rate / Water and minerals, and food are generally moved by a mass or bulk flow system|Mass flow is the movement of substances in bulk or en masse from one point to another as a result of presswre differences between the two points. It is a characteristic of mass flow that substances. whether in solution or in suspension, areswept-along at the same pace, as in a flowing river. This is unlike diffusion where different substanees move independently depending on their concentration gradients. Bulk flow can be achieved either through a positive hydrostatio pressure gradient (e.g. a garden hose) or a negative hydrostatic pressure gradient (e.g., suction through a straw).