H2so4

H 2SO 5) and H 2O 2). Piranha solution, also known as piranha etch, is a mixture of H 2SO 4) and H 2O 2). The result of the mixture gives rise to a strong union of two acids called per-hexa-sulfuric acid (H 4SO 6) that is used to clean Preparation and use [ ] Many different mixture ratios are commonly used, and all are called piranha. A typical mixture is 3 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid and 1 part of 30 wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution; [NH 4]OH, or NH 3(aq)) with hydrogen peroxide. As hydrogen peroxide is less stable at high [NH 4]OH (pH c. 11.6) also accelerates its decomposition. At higher pH, H 2O 2 will decompose violently. Piranha solution must be prepared with great care. It is highly Piranha solution should always be prepared by adding hydrogen peroxide to sulfuric acid slowly, never in reverse order. 50 wt% may cause an explosion. [ citation needed] The 1:1 acid–peroxide mixtures will also create an explosion risk even when using common 30 wt.% hydrogen peroxide. Once the mixture has stabilized, it can be further heated to sustain its reactivity. The solution may be mixed before application or directly applied to the material, applying the sulfuric acid first, followed by the peroxide. Due to the self-decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, piranha solution should always be used freshly prepared ( extemporaneous preparation). The solution should not be stored, as it generates gas and therefore cannot be kept in a closed container because of the risk of Applicatio...

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Sulfuric acid, $\ce$ (

\( \newcommand\) • • • • This page gives you the facts and a simple, uncluttered mechanism for the electrophilic addition reactions between sulfuric acid and alkenes like ethene and cyclohexene. The electrophilic addition reaction between ethene and sulfuric acid Alkenes react with concentrated sulfuric acid in the cold to produce alkyl hydrogensulphates. For example, ethene reacts to give ethyl hydrogensulphate. \[ \ce\] The structure of the product molecule is sometimes written as \(CH_3CH_2HSO_4\), b ut the version in the equation is better because it shows how all the atoms are linked up. You may also find it written as \(CH_3CH_2OSO_3H\). All you need to do is to learn the structure of sulfuric acid, and after that the mechanism is exactly the same as the one with hydrogen bromide. As you will find out, the formula of the product follows from the mechanism in an inevitable way. The mechanism for the reaction between ethene and sulfuric acid The hydrogen atoms are attached to very electronegative oxygen atoms which means that the hydrogens will have a slight positive charge while the oxygens will be slightly negative. In the mechanism, we just focus on one of the hydrogen to oxygen bonds, because the other one is too far from the carbon-carbon double bond to be involved in any way. Look carefully at the structure of the product so that you can see how it relates to the various formulae given earlier (CH 3CH 2OSO 2OH etc). The electrophilic addition reaction between cyc...