Hyperglycemia is

Overview A diabetic coma is a life-threatening disorder that causes unconsciousness. If you have diabetes, dangerously high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) or dangerously low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can lead to a diabetic coma. If you go into a diabetic coma, you're alive — but you can't wake up or respond purposefully to sights, sounds or other types of stimulation. If it's not treated, a diabetic coma can result in death. Symptoms Symptoms of high blood sugar or low blood sugar usually develop before a diabetic coma. High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) If your blood sugar level is too high, you may have: • Increased thirst • Frequent urination • Blurred vision • Tiredness or weakness • Headache • Nausea and vomiting • Shortness of breath • Stomach pain • Fruity breath odor • A very dry mouth Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) If your blood sugar is too low, you may have: • Shakiness • Anxiety • Tiredness or drowsiness • Weakness • Sweating • Hunger • A feeling of tingling on your skin • Dizziness or lightheadedness • Headache • Difficulty speaking • Blurry vision • Confusion • Loss of consciousness Some people, especially those who've had diabetes for a long time, develop a condition known as hypoglycemia unawareness. That means they don't have warning symptoms that signal a drop in blood sugar. If you have any symptoms of high or low blood sugar, test your blood sugar right away. Based on the test results, follow your diabetes treatment. If you don't start to feel better quickl...

Overview High blood sugar, also called hyperglycemia, affects people who have diabetes. Several factors can play a role in hyperglycemia in people with diabetes. They include food and physical activity, illness, and medications not related to diabetes. Skipping doses or not taking enough insulin or other medication to lower blood sugar also can lead to hyperglycemia. It's important to treat hyperglycemia. If it's not treated, hyperglycemia can become severe and cause serious health problems that require emergency care, including a diabetic coma. Hyperglycemia that lasts, even if it's not severe, can lead to health problems that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart. Symptoms Hyperglycemia usually doesn't cause symptoms until blood sugar (glucose) levels are high — above 180 to 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 10 to 11.1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Symptoms of hyperglycemia develop slowly over several days or weeks. The longer blood sugar levels stay high, the more serious symptoms may become. But some people who've had type 2 diabetes for a long time may not show any symptoms despite high blood sugar levels. Early signs and symptoms Recognizing early symptoms of hyperglycemia can help identify and treat it right away. Watch for: • Frequent urination • Increased thirst • Blurred vision • Feeling weak or unusually tired Later signs and symptoms If hyperglycemia isn't treated, it can cause toxic acids, called ketones, to build up in the blood and urine. This c...

Background and Aims Diabetes is a prominent risk factor for the progression of CKD because hyperglycemia and glucose filtration increase the hemodynamic and metabolic workload to the nephrons, which imposes adaptive mechanisms. Tubules adapt to diabetes by enlargement and epithelial cell hypertrophy but an exceeding metabolic workload promotes oxidative stress, cytokine signaling and tubular epithelial (TEC) cell demise leading to tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Several studies propose a role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in tubulointerstitial inflammation in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a sensor of cellular damage responsible for regulate the IL-1β and IL-18 production, playing important role during the progression of CKD. However, the role of NLRP3 in diabetes-induced tubular adaptation is unknown. Method scRNAseq analysis showed previously that the TECs do not express NLRP3 or inflammasome components. However, a group of patients diagnosed with Cryopyrin-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndromes, have a mutation that overexpress NLRP3, which is associated with chronic and systemic inflammation. To investigate the role of NLRP3 on tubular cells under diabetes conditions, we generated a mouse line by crossing mice bearing LoxP-target A350V allele with Pax8-driven Cre transgenic mice. Animals carrying the A350V allele have overexpression of NLRP3 in tubular cells. The combination of unilateral nephrectomy and treatment with multipl...

ABSTRACT Hyperglycemia is associated with poor clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Initial clinical trials of intensive insulin therapy targeting blood glucose levels of 80 to 110 mg/dL showed improved outcomes, but subsequent trials found no benefits and even increased harm with this approach. Emerging literature has evaluated other glycemic indices including time-in-target blood glucose range, glycemic variability, and stress hyperglycemia ratio. These indices, while well described in observational studies, have not been addressed in the initial trials. Additionally, the patient’s pre existing diabetes status and preadmission diabetic control may modulate the outcomes of stringent glycemic control, with worse outcomes of hyperglycemia being observed in patients without diabetes and in those with well-controlled diabetes. Most medical societies recommend less stringent glucose control in the range of 140 to 180 mg/dL for critically ill patients. KEY POINTS • Hyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients and should be treated. • Enhancing the amount of time glucose levels are in the target range and minimizing glycemic variability have been associated with improved outcomes in critically ill patients. • Hypoglycemia has been independently associated with an increased risk of death in critically ill patients. • Although the optimal blood glucose target for patients in the intensive care unit is not known, a target of...

Despite increased levels of insulin, women with PCOS exhibit insulin resistance since their insulin hormones cannot adequately uptake glucose or utilize it for energy. Insulin receptors in women with PCOS cannot efficiently bind to insulin. Because insulin transports glucose, excess glucose remains in the bloodstream, producing hyperglycemia. Surgery and Stress Alterations to glucose metabolism that occur from physical stress to the body also occur after surgery. Surgery is a controlled form of stress to the body that results in similar increases in cytokines and hormones that drive the production of glucose in the liver and block the effects of insulin from removing excess glucose from the blood. Hospitalized patients receiving nutrition through an IV may also be at an increased risk of developing hyperglycemia, as the nutritional fluid contains a sugar solution to help restore electrolyte balance. The concentration of this fluid should be carefully monitored in people who are ill or recovering from surgery or injury in order to prevent further spikes in blood sugar. Obesity High blood sugar is associated with obesity since excess fat cells disrupt the balance of glucose and insulin. Excess fat cells called adipocytes release inflammatory proteins, such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor, which increase the body’s resistance to insulin by activating processes that disrupt the body’s ability to produce and release insulin when blood sugar is high. Lifestyle Risk Fac...

Slightly elevated blood sugar levels may also indicate prediabetes, which can lead to the development of diabetes. If you have high blood sugar levels often or are experiencing symptoms of high blood sugar, it’s important to check in with a healthcare provider, as well as to monitor your blood glucose at home. Hyperglycemia is when blood glucose levels are too high. You are more likely to experience hypoglycemia if you have diabetes or take medication that can lower your blood glucose. Other risk factors for hypoglycemia include being over age 65 or having other health conditions, such as kidney disease, heart disease, or cognitive impairment. Hyperglycemia Causes There are several Untreated hyperglycemia may lead to ketoacidosis (DKA), especially in people with type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes, in which the pancreas makes little to no insulin), or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS)—which usually occurs in people with type 2 diabetes who do not have their blood glucose levels under control. Insulin is one of the main treatments to lower blood glucose in hyperglycemic attacks. Doses are individualized and determined by a healthcare provider. If you do not take insulin, there are other medications that can help with lowering blood glucose levels. Contact a healthcare provider to see if an insulin or medication adjustment is needed. Diabetes is a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal, or hyperglycemic. A diabetes diagnosis is defined...

• • Condition in which the level of glucose in the blood is higher than normal • • Symptoms include urinating larger amounts than usual, increased hunger and/or thirst, feeling tired, weight loss • • Treatment includes medication, lifestyle changes, and monitoring blood glucose levels • • Involves endocrinology, pediatric endocrinology & diabetes, diabetes center, pediatric diabetes program Whenever you bite into a piece of fruit or eat a bowl of pasta, you’re providing your body with the energy and nutrients it needs to stay healthy. One of the most important nutrients is glucose, a type of sugar. It‘s a main source of energy, and it travels in the bloodstream to cells throughout your body. Normally, our bodies carefully regulate glucose levels, making sure they don’t get too high or too low. But sometimes, as happens in people with Hyperglycemia can affect people of any age and can cause a range of symptoms, including excessive thirst, hunger, fatigue, and/or an urge to urinate larger amounts than usual. If left untreated for a long period of time, it can lead to serious complications, such as eye damage, kidney problems, and heart disease, among others. Fortunately, treatments are available that can help prevent hyperglycemia and control blood-glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is a condition in which the level of glucose in the blood is higher than normal. Sometimes called “high blood sugar,” it commonly affects people who have Glucose is the primary source of energy for al...