In what way are zombies used in security attacks?

• A network administrator detects unknown sessions involving port 21 on the network. What could be causing this security breach? • An FTP Trojan horse is executing. * • A reconnaissance attack is occurring. • A denial-of-service attack is occurring. • Cisco Security Agent is testing the network. • Which example illustrates how malware might be concealed? • A botnet of zombies carry personal information back to the hacker. • An attack is launched against the public website of an online retailer with the objective of blocking its response to visitors. • A hacker uses techniques to improve the ranking of a website so that users are redirected to a malicious site. • An email is sent to the employees of an organization with an attachment that looks like an antivirus update, but the attachment actually consists of spyware. * • Which type of security threat can be described as software that attaches itself to another program to execute a specific unwanted function? • Worm • Virus * • Proxy Trojan horse • Denial-of-service Trojan horse • What type of malware has the primary objective of spreading across the network? • virus • worm • Trojan horse • botnet • Why would a rootkit be used by a hacker? • to gain access to a device without being detected • to do reconnaissance • to reverse engineer binary files • to try to guess a password • Which type of hacker is motivated to protest against political and social issues? • cybercriminal • script kiddie • vulnerability broker • hacktivis...

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A Zombie is a malicious program that is installed on a device that transforms it into a “zombie” that attacks other systems. A computer or other device transformed by zombie malware is first infected by a virus or Trojan. It is then deprived of its intended motivations, and instead acts in the service of the zombie (or that program's creator). It then acts as a bot or is joined into a botnet and performs mundane but harmful automated attacks. Zombie computers and assemblages of them, for example botnets, often conduct e-mail spam, silent click fraud against pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, theft of financial or personally-identifiable information (PII), and [distributed] denial-of-service (DDoS, DoS) attacks. Specific zombie programs throughout to be destroyed, but which can still pose a threat if found on unattended devices for example, include Conficker, Flashback, Storm, Windigo, and Zeus. A novel form of zombie that arose in the early 2010s was cryptocurrency-mining malware that transformed host computers into bitcoin-mining zombies. It hijacked the computing power of laptops, then sufficient to mine digital currency. The coin was then sent to the zombie's creator who profited off of others' competing power and electricity. Example: “My friend’s Macbook got infected with malware and now his computer is a bitcoin-mining zombie. Does anyone know how to dislodge this from his system?”

Introduction to Cybersecurity ITC v2.1 Chapter 2 Quiz Answers 1. Which two characteristics describe a worm? (Choose two.) hides in a dormant state until needed by an attacker executes when software is run on a computer travels to new computers without any intervention or knowledge of the user* infects computers by attaching to software code is self-replicating* Explanation: Worms are self-replicating pieces of software that consume bandwidth on a network as they propagate from system to system. They do not require a host application, unlike a virus. Viruses, on the other hand, carry executable malicious code which harms the target machine on which they reside. 2. In what way are zombies used in security attacks? They are maliciously formed code segments used to replace legitimate applications. They probe a group of machines for open ports to learn which services are running. They target specific individuals to gain corporate or personal information. They are infected machines that carry out a DDoS attack.* Explanation: The Nmap tool is a port scanner that is used to determine which ports are open on a particular network device. A port scanner is used before launching an attack. 4. Which type of attack allows an attacker to use a brute force approach? ITC v2.1 Chapter 2 Quiz Answers Q4 social engineering denial of service packet sniffing password cracking* Explanation: Common ways used to crack Wi-Fi passwords include social engineering, brute-force attacks, and network sni...

What is a zombie? In computing, a zombie is a computer connected to a network that has been compromised by a hacker, a virus or a Trojan. It can be used remotely for malicious tasks. Most owners of zombie computers do not realize that their system is being used in this way, hence the comparison with the living dead. They are also used in What are they used for? Zombies are frequently used in denial-of-service attacks (DDoS), which refers to the saturation of websites with a multitude of computers accessing at the same time. As so many users are making requests at the same time to the server hosting the Web page, the server crashes, denying access to genuine users. A variant of this type of saturation is known as degradation-of-service attack and uses 'pulsing zombies': degradation of the service by periodically saturating the websites at a low intensity, with the intention of slowing down, instead of blocking, the targeted website. Such attacks are difficult to detect, as the slow service may go undetected for months or even years or is simply assumed to be due to other problems. Zombies have also been used for sending spam. In 2005, it was estimated that between 50% and 80% of all spam in circulation had been sent by zombie computers. This technique is useful for criminals as it helps them avoid detection and at the same time reduce bandwidth costs (as the owners of the zombies will bear the cost). This type of spam is also used for spreading Trojans, as this type of malw...

News about internet crimes often mentions "bots", "zombies", and "botnets". It's not hard to figure out from the context that these are computer or network security threats. But what exactly are they, how do they work, and what kind of damage can they cause? A bot, short for "robot", is a type of software application or script that performs automated tasks on command. Bad bots perform malicious tasks that allow an attacker to remotely take control over an affected computer. Once infected, these machines may also be referred to as zombies. Although taking over one computer is useful, the real value to a criminal comes from collecting huge numbers of zombie computers and networking them so they can all be controlled at once to perform large-scale malicious acts. This type of network is known as a "botnet". How Do Botnets Work? Botnets have been one of the most common methods of malware deployment for the past decade, infecting hundreds of millions of computers. As botnets infect new technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices in homes, public spaces, and secure areas, compromised systems can put even more unsuspecting users at risk. They perform large operations while remaining small Most people would be shocked to learn that the spam they're receiving is coming from thousands or even millions of computers just like their own. The real owners of those computers can still use them, and are probably totally unaware that anything is wrong, except perhaps that their c...

What is a botnet attack, and how do you stop one? A botnet (derived from ‘robot network’) is a large group of malware-infected internet-connected devices and computers controlled by a single operator. Attackers use these compromised devices to launch large-scale attacks to disrupt services, steal credentials and gain unauthorized access to critical systems. The botnet What Is a Botnet Attack? A botnet attack is a large-scale They are becoming more sophisticated than other malware attack types since they can be scaled up or changed on the fly to inflict even more damage. Malware delivered via botnet often includes network communication features that allow attackers to use the botnet to route communications with other threat actors through the vast network of compromised machines. Attackers use botnets to compromise systems, distribute malware and recruit new devices to the brood. A botnet attack may be mostly for disruption or a means of blazing a path to launch a secondary attack. What Are the Most Common Types of Botnet Attacks? 1. Brute Force Attack An attacker will choose to use a brute force attack when they don’t know the target password(s). This attack method uses a rapid, repetitive password guessing tech. During a brute force attack, malware directly interacts with the affected service for real-time feedback on password attempts. A brute force attack may also make use of leaked credentials or personally identifiable information for password attempts. 2. Distributed...