Indigo summary

Indigo Lesson Summary in English is written by experts. Go through and gain confidence. We at edumantra highly appreciate your feedback regarding Indigo Summary Class 12. Indigo Lesson Summary in English By- Louis Fischer Short and Simple Summary of the lesson in English- Indigo/ Summary in simple Words/ Critical appreciation of the lesson – Indigo Indigo is written by Louis Fischer, who narrates Gandhiji’s struggle at Champaran for the poor people. The peasants at Champaran were sharecroppers with the British planters. The peasants produced Indigo on 15% of the land area and according to an old agreement, they had to give it as rent to the landlords. It was around 1917, the Germans started developing synthetic Indigo and this mitigated the requirement of Indigo for British planters. In order to release the peasants from the 15 per cent old agreement, the British landlords demanded compensation from them. Most of the illiterate peasants agreed to it except a few. During that period, Gandhiji appeared in Champaran. He looked into the matter, stood by the side of the poor peasants and fought a long battle of one year, managing to get justice for them. This made the peasants courageous and made them aware of their fundamental rights. Gandhiji’s work at Champaran wasn’t just confined to political or economic struggle. He also worked on social issues like arrangements for education, health and hygiene for the families of the poor peasants. He taught them lessons of self-relianc...

Louis Fischer (1896 — 1970) was a Jewish-American journalist. Among his works were a contribution to the ex-Communist treatise The God that Failed (1949), Life of Mahatma Gandhi (1982), as well as Life of Lenin, which won the 1965 National Book Award in History and Biography. The following is an excerpt from his book the life of Mahatma Gandhi. The book has been reviewed as one of the best books ever written on Gandhi by Times Educational Supplement Theme / Central Idea of the Lesson. Analysis of Indigo The leadership is shown by Mahatma Gandhi to secure justice for oppressed people through convincing argumentation and negotiation. The title ‘Indigo’ focuses our attention on the issue of exploitation of indigo sharecroppers at the hands of cruel British planters. The British compelled them through a long-term agreement to plant indigo on 15 per cent of their land and surrender the entire harvest as rent. After the development of synthetic indigo by Germany, the British planters extracted money from the peasants as compensation for being released from the 15 per cent agreement. The peasants who wanted their money back filed civil suits. Rajkumar Shukla persuaded Gandhi to take up the case of Indigo sharecroppers. So indigo sharecropping exemplifies the injustice of the British and the Indians’ submission to British authority. The Champaran movement that centred on indigo sharecropping led to the social and cultural upliftment of the peasants. Thus the title ‘Indigo’ is high...

Name Indigo Subject English Class 12th Board CBSE Type Poem Author Louis Fischer Introduction The summary recounts Louis Fischer’s meeting with Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, during which Gandhi shared his experience of initiating the departure of the British from India. Specifically, he recounted his involvement in the Champaran Satyagraha of 1917, which was a significant event in India’s struggle for independence. The summary describes how Gandhi was persuaded by a sharecropper named Rajkumar Shukla to visit Champaran and help safeguard the interests of the sharecroppers. Despite facing opposition from British authorities and planters, Gandhi and his associates gathered evidence of the exploitation of the sharecroppers and helped secure their rights through nonviolent resistance. The summary highlights how this experience shaped Gandhi’s thinking and approach towards achieving India’s independence. Character of Indigo The most prominent character is Mahatma Gandhi, who was a leader of the Indian independence movement and a key figure in the struggle against British colonialism. He played a central role in the Champaran Satyagraha by advocating for the rights of sharecroppers and organizing nonviolent protests against British authorities and planters. Another important character is Rajkumar Shukla, a sharecropper from Champaran who persuaded Gandhi to visit the region and help protect the interests of the sharecroppers. Shukla’s persistence and determination played a crucial rol...

Before 1856, when a teenaged British chemist named William Perkins accidentally formulated the first synthetic dye while trying to find a cure for malaria (he produced mauveine, which was an intense purple color), harvesting natural resources for dyes was a big deal. "Until Perkins' discovery, anything that had Perkins discovered the means of making purple cheaply and in large quantities — before that, purple dye was very precious; the most reliable source was to extract it from the To make anything Indigofera (from India or South America), although other plants such as woad ( Isatis tinctoria) contain indigo compounds, too — just in much lower concentrations. The first Indigofera used by Europeans was grown in the Far East (the word indigo comes from the Greek word for India). Indigo was highly valued in the West, but Europeans wanted their own source of indigo that wasn't so expensive. That's where the New World came in. Until indigo dye was synthesized in Europe in 1882, a species of Asian Indigofera was a huge "In the 1600s, Europeans colonized North America, and immediately started trying to grow crops of economic importance," says Hardy. "Indigo is one of the first plants the British attempted to grow when they got to North America. They tried growing it in Jamestown, the Dutch tried it in New Amsterdam — present-day New York City. The French had some success in Louisiana, but nobody had much luck until Eliza Lucas came along." "Before indigo, rice and deer hides wer...

Ntozake Shange tells the story of two generations of a family: a mother, Hilda Effania, and the three daughters named in the title. Set primarily in the 1960s–70s, the novel follows these African American women from Charleston, South Carolina on their distinct paths. While the mother encourages her daughters to pursue education, optimistic that it is a path to marriage and happiness, each of them interprets their future differently. Their individual voices appear in the novel as letters, diary entries, and magic spells. Their family had been accomplished weavers, an art that Sassafras pursues. The traditional coastal Geechee cultures of formerly enslaved peoples also help to shape the women’s identities and journeys. Indigo’s identity quest and interest in spirituality immerses her in a fantastic world of magic, combined with hand-crafting unique dolls. She learns to play the violin drawing on her inner depths, thanks to a gift from the ragpicker John, eschewing the formal lessons her mother had pushed on her. Finally confronting the brutal legacy of slavery, and then turning away from the darker side of magic, Indigo learns to be a midwife from her aunt. Sassafras’s artistic longings take her to the West Coast, where she develops her talents in fiber arts. After an affair with Mitch, a musician with substance abuse issues causes her to doubt this calling and move with him to Louisiana. Recovering her confidence in her own vision, she leaves him and renews her commitment t...

“an absolutely wonderful read . . .” An outstanding work of fiction that introduces a historical figure with whom few will have heard of, but who played a vital role in the economic history of the colony of South Carolina. As a 16-year-old girl, Eliza Lucas is placed in charge of the family’s three plantations by her father while he pursues his military ambitions. Giving a female, much less a female so young, such a large responsibility is unheard of in 1739 in rural South Carolina. “Back in England, the idea that my father would leave his sixteen-year-old daughter in charge of his estates was absurd. Would anyone even take direction from me?” Eliza is apprehensive, but her dream to be thought of as something more than “. . . chattel by a father or one day by a husband,” fuels her ambition. To manage three plantations so that they produce a profit that will fund her father’s ambitions, ensure the family’s future wealth, and provide her a dowry for a marriage someday, although she will do almost anything to avoid marrying anyone. Immediately after informing Eliza of her new responsibilities, her father tells her that he has had to mortgage some of their property. “. . . I couldn’t think that he’d accrue more debt to our properties in order to continue his position in the military.” In spite of Eliza’s affection and respect for her father, his continual mortgaging of their property leaves her in a precarious position. The plantation must produce in order to make mortgage pay...

It is 6am in the small village of Kongarapattu in South India and the cloudy October sky is threatening to burst. In the factory, a foreman scuttles around anxiously, checking for absent labourers; two sari-clad neighbours whisper to one another while combing their long hair; and stray dogs run amok, sensing the anticipation in the air. For four generations indigo has been grown, harvested and made into dye on this family-owned plot in Tamil Nadu. Production, which usually takes place three times a year, was delayed this year because of the coronavirus pandemic. But October finally brought the first day of “thotti podurathu” – when the traditional tanks are set up to extract the dye from the Indigofera plants. Before work can begin, labourers and onlookers gather around the century-old tanks for a simple pooja, or prayer, invoking divine blessings. The foreman says a two-minute prayer for Neel Atha (or the Blue Mother) – the sacred name the villagers have for indigo – and presents an offering of bananas and coconut, blessed fruits according to Hindu rituals. “It is almost a festival for our village,” says Balachander Anbhazhagan. The 33-year-old is the scion of KMA Exports, an indigo farming and production company that has operated here since the 1960s. Balachander’s great-grandfather started processing indigo during colonial times – when the naturally sourced dye was a valuable commodity. Balachander, a fourth-generation indigo farmer [Bala Natrajan/Al Jazeera] The Anbhaz...

Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.About the Writer Louis Fischer was born on the th of February, 1896 in Philadelphia( U.S.). He also served in the British Army. He was also a journalist and wrote for The New York Times, The Saturday Review, and European and Asian publications. He died on Jan. 15 th, 1970 at the age of 73 in Princeton ( New Jersey). The story, Indigo has been taken from his book, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. 2.Indigo Lesson Theme Rajkumar Shukla was a poor sharecropper of Champaran ( Bihar). He met with Mahatma Gandhi at the annual convention of the Indian National Congress party in Lucknow. There were 2,301 delegates and many visitors who had come from different parts of the country. He requested Mahatma Gandhi to come to his district. He was uneducated but resolute because he did not leave the side of Mahatma Gandhi till he had not to get a fixed date to come to Champaran. 3.2 Mahatma Gandhi Shukla and Mahatma Gandhi took the train for Patna from Calcutta. He longed to meet with Dr Rajendra Prasad who was out of town. Later, he sent a telegram to Professor J.B. Kripalani. Gandhiji stayed at the house of Malkani for two days. Gandhiji chid all the lawyers for charging heavy fees. He met with the Secretary of the British landlord association who was not ready to share any kind of information. He got an official notice. He called all the reputed lawyers from Bihar and influenced them by a powerful speech. Finally, Mahatma Gandhi won t...

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