Kahuta nuclear facility

This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content. Additional information may please be sent as messages to the Facebook community, acknowledged in your name. A backgrounder Nuclear Threat Initiative OTHER NAME: Khan Research Laboratories; Engineering Research Laboratories LOCATION: Kahuta, Punjab Province SUBORDINATE TO: Government of Pakistan SIZE: Numerous buildings in a 1 square kilometer compound FACILITY STATUS: Operational Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) is Pakistan's key uranium enrichment facility, which utilizes gas centrifuges to produce highly enriched uranium (HEU). It is not under IAEA safeguards. In 1975, Pakistan's President Z.A. Bhutto approved the construction of a centrifuge enrichment facility in Kahuta, then named Engineering Research Laboratories (ERL). The following year, Dr. Abdul Qadeer (A.Q.) Khan returned to Pakistan from studies in the Netherlands, bringing with him stolen centrifuge designs from Ultra-Centrifuge Nederland (UCN), a member of the URENCO Uranium enrichment consortium. After A.Q. Khan assumed control of ERL in July 1976, the laboratories were renamed Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) in May 1981. Khan established an elaborate procurement network to obtain nuclear technology for KRL. Khan claims to have reached the capability to enrich to weapons-grade (90%) uranium by early 1983. By 1992, KRL was reportedly operating 3,000 P-2 centrifuges, which could produce between 45 and 75 kilograms of HEU per year...

The Pakistan’s Atomic Energy Commission Dr. Munir Ahmad Khan was quoted in the article saying, “Pakistan might have to push for its own nuclear capablity in the light of India’s nuclear test”. It looked obvious that Pakistan is heading towards creation of its nuclear plan. As per theNytimes, China provided the blueprints of the nuclear bomb and as well as the highly enriched Uranium and Tritium, they even passed the complete technology to Pakistan. US even trained Pakistan nuclear scientists from 1950-1970. China couldn’t wait when India tested their nuclear arsenal in 1974. The India had an inkling of the Pakistan’s nuclear plans as India had a wide network in Pakistan by 1970s. There were spies who did not cared about their lives, and were into the sampling and establishing a nuclear indication in Kahuta. The challenge was how to crack it and establish that Pakistan is actually working on expanding its plans. They found a way, they tracked the nuclear scientists and went to the barber shops in Kahuta where these they got their haircut and stole the hair samples. The hair samples were analyzed and they indeed had radiation traces and India was sure that Kahuta nuclear plant was a plutonium refining plant and Pakistan was indeed developing their nuclear bomb. Even Israel wasn’t happy with the Pakistan’s nuclear reactor and Pakistan was scared that Israel may bomb their nuclear reactor like they bombed Iraqi Nuclear reactor in 1981. There was an article in theWashington pos...

• • • • • Pakistan’s Growing Uranium Enrichment Program Reports Pakistan’s Growing Uranium Enrichment Program by David Albright, Sarah Burkhard, and Frank Pabian May 30, 2018 Download PDF Pakistan has invested heavily in recent years in renovating and expanding its nuclear infrastructure, including the parts related to making nuclear explosive materials. The Institute for Science and International Security monitors Pakistan’s nuclear activities and in this report examines Pakistan’s efforts to expand its capability to enrich uranium for nuclear power reactors and for use in nuclear weapons. The report outlines, using government budget documents, Pakistan’s progress in building a large-scale enrichment plant with the stated aim of making low enriched uranium for nuclear power reactors and, using commercial satellite imagery, surveys a construction site at the A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories near Kahuta (called the Kahuta site in the report) that is likely a relatively large gas centrifuge plant under construction and could produce enriched uranium for civil or military purposes. This report discusses the purpose and size of the likely enrichment plant at Kahuta and estimates the amount of enriched uranium it could produce. We could not determine if Pakistan is building one or two enrichment plants. We are certainly interested in learning more. While much of the world’s attention has been directed to the nuclear programs of Iran and North Korea, Pakistan has greatly expanded...

1 / 7 The secret story of Kahuta attack India and Pakistan have come dangerously close to a nuclear conflict several times. About 930,000 declassified documents posted online by the CIA provide interesting insights into India’s increasing concerns over Pakistan's nuclear programme in the early 80s. One such set of documents pointed out how India had planned to bomb Pakistan's nuclear plant at Kahuta. This was a covert operation planned by India that was shelved after international pressure. 2 / 7 The Pakistani target In 1981, India planned to bomb Kahuta, inspired by a daring attack done by Israel on under-construction Iraqi nuclear reactors. The Israeli jets flew all the way to Iraq, over several enemy nations, bombed the plant and returned safely. For India, it could have been much easier than that as Pakistan was a neighbour. But it could lead to a full-blown nuclear war. 4 / 7 The covert plan Israel, according to reports, wanted to use Gujarat's Jamnagar base to launch its jets and another base for refuelling. In March 1984, Indira okayed the operation, bringing India, Pakistan and Israel within striking distance of a nuclear conflict. But Gandhi backed off after the Regan administration warned of action, say reports. 5 / 7 Message from Pakistan Some reports also say India's plan was shelved after a Pakistani nuclear scientist met Indian Atomic Energy Commission chief Raja Ramanna (in pic) at an international meet in Vienna. The Pakistani scientist warned of a retaliat...

Kao is a name that’s known the world over—the secret world of espionage. R.N. Kao was the man anointed as independent India’s spymaster to bell the international cat. This shrewd, sharp and surprisingly shy Kashmiri Brahmin (Ramji to his friends; Kao to his foes; R.N stood for Rameshwar Nath) was handpicked by Nehru himself to deal with matters too sensitive and important to be entrusted to the regular police or defence machinery. There couldn’t have been a better choice. Read his obituary, celebrating the man and the spy, carried by the British newspaper The Independent in February 2002 (Do a Google search for “obituary independent kao”). Kao, who had joined the Imperial Police Service in 1940, donned the proverbial cloak and dagger on the 21st day of September, 1968, and thus was born the (in)famous Research & Analysis Wing (RAW), India’s external intelligence agency, which then comprised 250 hand-picked agents and a meagre budget of Rs 20 million. Amongst these “researchers” and “analysts”, there were those who were trained to exist sans their shadows and these elitest-of-the-elite covert operatives were popularly known as “Kaoboys”. Of course, over the years, the agency has grown exponentially—both in terms of bodies and budget. However, as it was then, so it is now…its staff structure still remains shrouded in silence, and has been spared much investigative journalism. Of course, with the exception of two books, namely Inside RAW: The Story of India’s Secret Service b...

Officially, shutters are down on Pakistani disgraced nuclear scientist AQ Khan’s nuclear Wal-Mart. But the dangers of Pakistan’s nuclear technology going awry still remain. Three immediate causes of concern stand out. One, Pakistan is speeding up work on its fourth nuclear reactor at Khushab which would enable Islamabad to build large number of smaller nuclear warheads, according to Washington-based Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS). Pakistan already has 90-110 N-warheads and its nuclear weapons programme is among the fastest growing in the world. Pakistan Two, underpowered and unsafe, Pakistan’s nuclear reactors are just big boys’ toys. Pakistan’s reactors provide only a tiny amount of energy the country needs and are located in risky geographical locations – Karachi in the Arabian Sea where the risk is from tsunami, Chashma in the Indus River which is prone to flash floods, and Khushab in Pakistan-held Kashmir and Northern parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa where the main danger comes from earthquakes. Third, Pakistan has built the core of its nuclear competence and nuclear bomb through deceit – by smuggling basic designs and illegally acquiring key components like tritium precursor materials (from two German firms), and illegally buying US goods with dual-use applications. Pakistan received substantial help in its nuclear quest from China, which made Xun Wang, a lawful permanent Chinese resident of the United States to illegally export high-performance ep...

• Defense • ( • Academia • • • Website The Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Laboratories, خان تجربہ گاہ و مراکز تحقیق) or KRL for short, is a federally funded, multi-program national research institute and national laboratory site primarily dedicated to The site was organized to produce The KRL has prestige for conducting research and development to be able to produce As of its current mission, KRL is one of the largest science and technology research sites in Pakistan, and conducts multidisciplinary research and development in fields such as History [ ] Main article: As early as the 1970s, the early stage of Pakistan's After disagreeing with Director Sultan Mahmood's calculations and feasibility report submitted to the government, Prime Minister Bhutto detached the work from PAEC by making Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan its chief scientist in 1976. The Wanting a capable civil engineer to supervise the construction, Bhutto asked the The ERL was intended to spur innovation and provide competition to the 235) containing only ~0.7% [ clarification needed] Khan Research Laboratory (KRL) in honor of its founder and senior scientist 6) being reduced to In the 1990s, KRL had a number of the most high-performance In an investigative report published by Extended research [ ] Main articles: The academic research programs and development opportunities at the KRL are supported by the physics departments of the The continuing efforts to make the laboratories more science efficient led the In 1999, the K...

What is RAW and when was it formed? After independence, India had a decent intelligence body the Intelligence Bureau (IB). But when Pakitan started playing dirty by supplying arms and ammunition to Sikh militants, Indira Gandhi thought it wise to have our own foreign intelligence agency. However, we did not get an agency. We have a research and analysis unit that is not classified as an agency and therefore does not have to divulge any secrets it has. Founded in 1968 by the legendary RN Kao, RAW focused first on Pakistan and second on China. After India conducted the first nuclear tests at Pokhran in 1974, the other major countries just couldn't digest it. After all, how can 'we' progress in life since all the development and destruction has been patented by the big countries? The most frustrated country was...no surprise, our dear neighbour...Pakistan. We all know that after India broke the war into Bangladesh in 1971, the USA supported Pakistan and pressured India. But this time surprisingly the US did not fully support Pakistan and instead put pressure on France for not helping Pakistan. After France withdrew its support, Pakistan was left with far fewer options. They started developing their KAHUTA plant, and that too in full secrecy. What was Operation Kahuta? Operation Kahuta was a program run by Pakistan's nuclear weapons development organization, known as the Khan Research Laboratories (KRL), to develop nuclear weapons. The program was led by Pakistani nuclear phys...

• A. Q. Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) (Kahuta) – nuclear weapon research and development; uranium enrichment • Atomic Energy Minerals Center (Lahore) – uranium and nuclear mineral resource development; runs ore pilot reprocessing plant; production of reactor fuel bundles • Chagai Hills nuclear test site • Chashma Nuclear Power Reactor (Chashma) – 300 megawatt power reactor • Dera Ghazi Khan – uranium milling and conversion • Karachi Nuclear Power Reactor (Kanupp) (Karachi) • Khushab research reactor and heavy water production plant (Khushab) • Multan heavy water production plant (Multan) • New Labs plutonium reprocessing plant (Rawalpindi) • Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) (Islamabad) – nuclear weapon research • Pakistan Institute for Science and Technology (PINSTECH) (Islamabad) – research reactors used for tritium production research • Sargodha airbase (Sargodha) – possible nuclear weapon storage site • Sihala – possible site of pilot-scale uranium enrichment centrifuge plant • Tumman Leghani – reported new uranium mine (southern Punjab)